We deployed CTD sensors on five of the SIPEX 2 ice stations for collecting temperature and salinity of the water column under the sea ice. This dataset contains the raw data as outputted from the CTD in Excel format, in English. The dates that the CTD were deployed are in the file names (i.e. 20121023 is October 23, 2012).

Purpose of future metagenomic (DNA), metaproteomic (protein) and metatranscriptomic (RNA) analysis: For each sample, two drums (~200L each) of seawater were collected. Samples were taken from CTD sites, and surface samples (2m depth) taken at each of these sites. At most of these CTD sites, a deeper sample was taken according to the location of the DCM at that site. The 200L seawater is pumped through a 20 micron mesh to remove the largest particles, then the biomass is collected on three consecutive filters corresponding to decreasing pore size (3.0 microns, 0.8 microns, 0.1 microns). This is repeated for each sample using the second 200L of seawater to generate duplicates for each sample. The overall aim is to determine the identity of microbes present in the Southern Ocean, and what microbial metabolic processes are in operation. In other words: who is there, and what they are doing. Special emphasis was placed on the SR3 transect. Samples were collected as below. For each sample, a total of six filters were obtained (3x pore sizes, 2x replicates). Each filter is stored in a storage buffer in a 50mL tube, and placed at -80 degrees C for the remainder of the voyage.

3 CTD casts were conducted during a limited marine science voyage by the Nella Dan to Prydz Bay during the 1985-1986 summer Antarctic season. The voyage leaser was Tom Maggs, and the deputy leader was Peter Heyward. The ship followed the schedule listed out below: Hobart 29-Dec-1985 04-Jan-1986 Edgeworth David 13-Jan-1986 17-Jan-1986 Shackleton Ice Shelf Davis 21-Jan-1986 21-Jan-1986 Marine Science 22-Jan-1986 23-Jan-1986 Marine Science Prydz Bay Davis 24-Jan-1986 26-Jan-1986 Marine Science 27-Jan-1986 27-Jan-1986 Marine Science Prydz Bay Mawson 29-Jan-1986 01-Feb-1986 Davis 03-Feb-1986 04-Feb-1986 Mawson 06-Feb-1986 06-Feb-1986 Davis 09-Feb-1986 09-Feb-1986 Edgeworth David 13-Feb-1986 13-Feb-1986 Shackleton Ice Shelf Casey 14-Feb-1986 14-Feb-1986 Hobart 22-Feb-1986 24-Feb-1986

CTD casts were taken through holes in the ice floe at various locations during ice stations 3, 4, 6 and 7. Two Seabird 37M microcats were used. One microcat did not log time, whereas the other did. An Idronaut Ocean Seven 304 CTD (manufactured in Italy) was used during ice stations 7 and 8. CSV files are provided. A single file represents a set of casts at a single location. The files are organised in columns as: Column 1: Temperature (C) Column 2: Conductivity Column 3: Pressure Column 4: Salinity (ppt) Column 5: Date (DD MMM YYYY), UTC Column 6: Time (HH:MM:SS), UTC For the Seabird 37M (2006 model) belonging to Dr Hutchings, time on the microcat is set to UTC, to the second. For the AWI Seabird 37M (1999 model), time is not output. This microcat dribbled data to a laptop at 1Hz. Ice Station 3: A microcat was placed at about 7m below the surface (5m below the ice) at Ridge site 1. Salinity sensor was iced up on this cast Ice Station 4: Cast 1: 100m cast through the ROV hole on Oct 6th 10:30 UTC. Cast 2: 10m cast at the trace gas site, on Oct 8th 06 UTC. Cast 3: 100m cast at the trace gas site, on Oct 8th 09:30 UTC. Ice Station 6: Cast 1: 100m at ridge site 1 , on Oct 13th 03 UTC. Cast 2: 10m casts at Trace Gas site, on Oct 13th 04:30 UTC. F Note that salinity sensor was iced on 10m cast at trace gas site. Cast 3: Deployment at 7m depth at ridge site 1, on Oct 13th 06UTC. Cast 4: 100m cast at ridge site 1, on Oct 14th 23 UTC. Note that microcat stopped recording at about 65m in downcast. Ice Station 7: - CTD casts with Seabird 37M microcat: Cast 1: 100m cast, Transducer Hole A, at active ridge. 20th Oct 03:00Z. Power failed 60m into downcast. Cast 2: 30m cast, Y-axis 50m core hole. 20th Oct 05:15Z Cast 3: 40m cast followed by 100m cast. Y-axis 100m ADCP hole. 21st Oct 00:00Z. Power failed at 60m. Cast 4: 15m casts. Y-axis 50m core hole. 21st Oct 05:15Z Cast 5: ROV Hole. With Polly's pinger. 21 Oct 09:30Z. Power failure at 86m. - CTD casts with Gerhard Dieckman's Seabird microcat. Note this microcat does not output time, but dribbles 1Hz data. Cast 6: Transponder Hole near new ridge. 23rd Oct 06:30Z. Cast 7: Trace Metal / Bio site. 23rd Oct 07:30Z. Cast 8: At ROV Hole Ice Station 8: Synoptic (3 hourly) CTD casts Roster of CTD casts is contained in file 'CTD_time.xls'. This table is pasted below. Please note that the names of excel files containing the raw data are presented in this table. Filenames: Ice Station 3: Filename: 20121004/20121004_IceStation3_microcat_all.dat. Ice Station 4: Cast 1: Filename: 20121006_IceStation4_microcat_cast1.dat Cast 2: Filename: 20121008_IceStation4_microcat_cast2_gerhard.dat Cast 3: Filename: 20121008_IceStation4_microcat_cast3_gerhard.dat Ice Station 6: Cast 1: Filename: 20121013_IceStation6_microcat_cast1_ridge.dat Cast 2: Filename: 20121013_IceStation6_microcat_cast2_gerhard.dat Cast 3: Filename: 20121013_IceStation6_gerhardCat_ridge_052700.dat Cast 4: Filename: 20121014_IceStation6_microcat_ridge.dat Ice Station 7: CTD casts with Seabird 37M microcat: Cast 1: Filename: 20121020_IceStation7_microcat_transponder_newRidge.dat Cast 2: Filename: 20121020_IceStation7_microcat_50m.dat Cast 3: Filename: 20121021_Station7_100m.dat Cast 4: Filename: 20121021_Station7_50m.dat Cast 5: Filename: 20121021_Station7_ROVhole_plusPolly2_tryagain.dat CTD casts with the AWI Seabird microcat: Cast 6: Filename: 20121023_gerhardCat.dat Cast 7: Filename: 20121023_gerhardCat_hole2.dat Cast 8: Filename: CTD_jenny_20121023.xls Ice Station 8: Synoptic (3 hourly) CTD casts: The data files are: CTD_jenny_20121023.xls CTD_jenny_20121028.xls CTD_jenny_20121030.xls CTD_jenny_20121031.xls CTD_jenny_20121101(1).xls CTD_jenny_20121101(2).xls CTD_jenny_20121102.xls CTD_jenny_20121103.xls CTD_jenny_20121104.xls

Size fractionated chlorophyll a data (total and less than 20 µm) analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Underway samples were taken using a seawater line in the oceanographic lab on RSV Aurora Australis (approx. depth 4 m). CTD samples were taken using Niskin bottles attached to a CTD rosette. Six depths were sampled per station, based on fluorescence profiles from the CTD. Two of the two of six samples always included both near-surface (approximately 10 m) and the depth of the chlorophyll maximum where applicable. HPLC analyses were conducted according to the method of Wright et al. (2010). Column chlorophylls (µg L-1) and integrated chlorophylls (mg m-2) are shown in two separate tabs within the Excel spreadsheet.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 1101 See the link below for public details on this project. ---- Public Summary from Project ---- Most of our knowledge of the Antarctic marine ecosystems comes from summer surveys. There are very few observations of this ecosystem in winter and there is a fundamental lack of knowledge of understanding of even basic questions such as 'what is there?' and 'what's it doing?'. The proposed visit to the sea ice zone in winter is a rare opportunity to conduct observations on phytoplankton, krill, birds, seals and whales, so that we can begin to understand the biological processes that go on in winter. Data for this project were intended to be collected on a 1998 winter voyage of the Aurora Australis, but a fire on board meant that the voyage had to return to port before work could be carried out. Data were then collected the following year during a 1999 winter voyage of the Aurora Australis (IDIOTS), which ran from July to September. Data attached to this metadata record, include zooplankton and CTD data collected from the Mertz Glacier region. The data have been compiled by Angela McGaffin, and can be found in the "processed" folder of the download file. Original datasets are also available in the "Original Datasets" folder.

As part of Australian Antarctic Science project # 4298 and Antarctica New Zealand project K131A, integrated biological and physical observations were conducted including these series of CTD measurements. The objective of these measurements is to quantify the oceanographic conditions at our field camp off Davis Station in November-December 2015. In situ CTD measurements at the thermistor and the ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) sites were deployed using a Seabird-37SMP-ODO MicroCat CTD. Logistics and environmental constraints permitted measurements for seven casts during our deployment at Davis in 2015. The location of the thermistor site is at (-68.57272 degrees N; 77.93273 degrees E), and the ROV site had its origin (x=0, y=0) at (-68.568904 degrees N,+77.945439 degrees E). The software used was the standard SeatermV2 2.4.1.

See the referenced paper for additional details. Sampling. Sampling was conducted on board the RSV Aurora Australis during cruise V3 from 20 January to 7 February 2012. This cruise occupied a latitudinal transect from waters north of Cape Poinsett, Antarctica (65_ S) to south of Cape Leeuwin, Australia (37_ S) within a longitudinal range of 113-115_ E. Sampling was performed as described in ref. 29, with sites and depths selected to provide coverage of all major SO water masses. At each surface station, E250-560 l of seawater was pumped from E1.5 to 2.5m depth. At some surface stations, an additional sample was taken from the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM), as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements taken from a conductivity, temperature and depth probe (CTD) cast at each sampling station. Samples of mesopelagic and deeper waters (E120-240 l) were also collected at some stations using Niskin bottles attached to the CTD. Sampling depths were selected based on temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen profiles to capture water from the targeted water masses. Profiles were generated on the CTD descent, and samples were collected on the ascent at the selected depths. Deep water masses were identified by the following criteria: CDW 1/4 oxygen minimum (Upper Circumpolar Deep) or salinity maximum (Lower Circumpolar Deep); AABW 1/4 deep potential temperature minimum; AAIW 1/4 salinity minimum 18. The major fronts of the SO, which coincide with strong horizontal gradients in temperature and salinity 19,30, separate regions with similar surface water properties. The AZ lies south of the Polar Front (which was at 51_ S during sampling), whereas the PFZ lies between the Polar Front and the Subantarctic Front. In total, 25 samples from the AZ, PFZ, SAMW, AAIW, CDW and AABW were collected for this study (Fig. 1, Supplementary Data 1). Seawater samples were prefiltered through a 20-mm plankton net, biomass captured on sequential 3.0-, 0.8- and 0.1-mm 293-mm polyethersulphone membrane filters and filters immediately stored at _80 _C31,32. DNA extraction and sequencing. DNA was extracted with a modified version of the phenol-chloroform method 31. Tag pyrosequencing was performed by Research and Testing Laboratory (Lubbock, USA) on a GS FLXb platform (Roche, Branford, USA) using a modification of the standard 926F/1392R primers targeting the V6-V8 hypervariable regions of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes (926wF: 50-AAA-CTY-AAA-KGA-ATT-GRC-GG-30 , 1,392 R: 50-ACG-GGCGGT-GTG-TRC-30). Denoising, chimera removal and trimming of poor quality read ends were performed by the sequencing facility.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2393 See the link below for public details on this project. ---- Public Summary from Project ---- This project seeks to monitor Holocene-Quaternary variability of Antarctic bottom water outflow at a known deep pathway (east flank of Kerguelen Plateau) into a major ocean basin. Specifically, we can address the question of how sea-ice, frontal dynamics and SST variability are related to bottom-water production. Taken from the 2003-2004 Progress Report Two researchers from the ACE CRC and IASOS, Dr. Will Howard and Honours student Joanne Naylor, participated in a cruise to the Southern Kerguelen Plateau region in January-February 2004. The objectives were to carry out swath bathymetric mapping, subbottom profiling (using a 3.5 kHz echosounder), and coring, aboard the Japanese research vessel Mirai. We were successful in carrying out acoustic profiling and mapping in previously unmapped regions of the Southeast Indian Ridge and in the Labuan Basin area of Southern Kerguelen Plateau. Acoustic data have already been provided to Geoscience Australia, where these data will be incorporated into existing databases of bathymetry and bottom character of this (potential) part of the Australian Marine Jurisdiction. In addition we recovered two piston cores, one each from the SE Indian Ridge area and Kerguelen Plateau, as well as multicores (recovery of sediment-water interface). Inclement weather prevented us from recovering cores from all the suitable coring sites we identified, but we now have acoustic survey data in unprecedented detail and resolution to support future sampling efforts. The cores we recovered consist of pelagic sediments as follows: Split surfaces of archive half sections were exposed and lithological and sedimentological features were described using printed visual core description (VCD) sheets On MR03-K04 Leg 6, ODP-style nomenclature for lithological description (e.g., Mazzullo et al., 1988) was adopted. Results from smear slides, coarse-fraction microfossil observations were combined to construct summarised lithologic columns. This information was also confirmed by the later inspection of soft X-radiographs. Smear-slide descriptions and sieve sample also provide preliminary biostratigraphic estimates of base ages for the piston cores. Results In general, the sediments at both sites are composed of homogenous fine-grained pelagic sediments with extensive, though varying, bioturbation throughout. The lithological and sedimentological features are summarised as graphic columns with short notes, including a legend of symbols and lithologic patterns (Figures D-2-1, D-2-2, D-2-3). Digitised versions of individual VCD sheets and scanned soft X-radiographs used for constructing graphic columns are archived in the Appendix to this report. Southeast Indian Ridge (41 degrees 33.07'S, 90 degrees24,39 E, water depth: 2,913 m) The sediments from MC-05 and PC-05 from the northern flank of Southeast Indian Ridge are dominated by foraminifer-bearing nannofossil ooze. Foraminifera and nannofossils are abundant and well-preserved throughout the core. A qualitative analysis of the planktonic foraminiferal faunas from sieve samples taken at the base of the piston core and the top of the multicore show a diverse assemblage typical of coretops in the Southern Indian Ocean near the modern position of the Subtropical Front Zone, with abundant Globorotalia inflata, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinita glutinata, and dextral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (e.g. Howard and Prell, 1992 and 1994). The diatom Hemidiscus karsteni appears to be present in the core base whereas the radiolarian Stylatractus universus appears to be absent. These suggest a base age for PC-05 older that late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 (approx. 194 ka BP) and younger than late MIS 12 (approx 423 ka BP)*. Flow-in is severe in Sections IX and X and the core catcher of PC-05 (i.e. approx. the bottom 1.5 meters of the core). Comparison with the multicore indicates that the top of the piston core is also moderately disturbed by the piston action. Kerguelen Plateau (53 degrees 48.15'S, 81 degrees 52.75'E, water depth: 2,557 m) The sediments from MC-06 and PC-06 from Labuan Basin, Kerguelen Plateau are dominated by radiolarian-bearing diatom ooze with dispersed foraminifera, detrital grains, and rare nannofossils. Dispersed sand-to-gravel sized rock fragments are present in the core, indicating intermittent ice-rafted debris deposition. The soft X-radiographs similarly show the alternation of almost pure biogenic ooze with more clay-rich oozes with dispersed detrital grains. Though the core is bioturbated to some extent throughout its length, 1-2 cmscale laminations occur in Sections 3-8. Foraminifera present through core in varying states of preservation; nannofossils intermittently present. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblages are typical of coretops in the Subantarctic and Polar Front Zones, dominated by sinistral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Globigerina quinqueloba , and G. bulloides, with lesser contributions from globorotalids like Globorotalia crassiformis and and G. inflata. H. karsteni appears to be present from Section 6 (500 cm bsf) down, and abundant in Section 8, from 86 cm down (from approx. 786 cm bsf). The planktonic foraminifer G. crassiformis is present in the base. S. universus appears to be absent throughout the core. This preliminary estimate of the biostratigraphy suggests a base age for PC-06 older that late MIS 9 and younger than MIS 12 (i.e. between approx. 423 and 300 ka BP). The top 176 cm of this core are severely disturbed, being 'washed' during core recovery by water trapped in the core barrel by the stuck piston. All cores were also logged for geophysical properties and optical reflectance (an index of sediment properties). Also see the JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) site for more information.

At each CTD station the Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) was carried out onto the trawl deck and shackled (+ cable tie) to the winch cable. When the crew in the aft control room were ready the PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) cap was removed and the FRRF activated with the magnet. It was deployed at a rate of 0.3m/sec to 10m, stopped for 30sec, then the descent was continued to 100m at same rate where it was stopped for another 30 sec. The FRRF was then brought back up at 0.3m/sec to deck. Once on deck the FRRF was turned off, it was hosed down with hot fresh water and the PAR cap replaced. Underway data were collected from the flow-through system in the lab on all South/North transects. West to East legs were not surveyed. The FRRF data were downloaded after every Vertical Drop and at the end of the Underway legs. The post-processing and analysis of data will be carried out after the voyage. The Final dataset is in the form of a Binary file for each drop and Underway leg. This work was completed as part of ASAC projects 2655 and 2679 (ASAC_2655, ASAC_2679).