Water temperatures were recorded by Tidbit temperature loggers attached to experimental mesocosms suspended below the sea ice at four sites around Casey in summer 2003/04. Data are temperature in degrees Celsius automatically logged every 5 minutes between the 01/12/2003 and 31/12/2003 at Brown Bay inner (S66 16.811 E110 32.475) and McGrady Cove (S66 16.556 E110 34.392), and between 02/12/2003 and 01/01/2004 at Brown Bay outer (S66 16.811 E110 32.526) and O'Brien Bay (S66 18.730 E110 30.810). Three loggers were deployed at each site; loggers A and B - one attached to each of two mesocosms (perforated 20 litre food buckets) and another - logger I - attached to plastic tubing approximately 1 metre above the mesocosms. Only two data loggers (A and B) were deployed at Mcgrady Cove. Mesocosms were suspended two to three metres below the bottom edge of the sea ice through a 1 metre diameter hole and were periodically raised to the surface for short periods (~1 hour). This experiment was part of the short-term biomonitoring program for the Thala Valley Tip Clean-up at Casey during summer 2003/04. These data were collected as part of ASAC project 2201 (ASAC_2201 - Natural variability and human induced change in Antarctic nearshore marine benthic communities). See also other metadata records by Glenn Johnstone for related information. The fields in this dataset are: Date Time Temperature Location

Colonisation of Lake Fletcher, a hypersaline, meromictic lake in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica, by the calanoid copepod Drepanopus bispinosus, the cyclopoid copepod Oncea curvata and an undescribed cydippid ctenophore is discussed. In 1978, salinity direstly under the ice was 66 ppt and repeated net hauls found no zooplankton. In 1983, adults of D. bispinosus were found, and in 1984, a reproductively active population of this species. Surface water salinity in 1984 was 56 ppt. During winter 1986, surface salinity was 54 ppt and three zooplankton species (D. bispinosus, O curvata and an undescribed cydippid ctenophore) had established populations in the lake. In 1986/87, high tides caused nearby Taynaya Bay to flood into the lake, and three further species (the calanoid, Paralabidocera antarctica, and two harpacticoids, Harpacticus furcatus and Idomene sp.) were found in the lake. It appears that periodic flooding after 1978 caused a salinity decrease in the lake from 66 to 54 ppt, and this enabled some invertebrate species to maintain year-round populations, whereas others require marine incursions to re-establish summer only populations. The fields in this dataset are: Date Salinity Record Species

Locations of sampling sites for ASAC project 40 on voyage 4 of the Aurora Australis in the 2009/2010 season. Samples were collected during March of 2010. The final dataset will contain information on chlorophyll, carotenoids, coccolithophorids and species identification and counts. Public Summary from the project: This program ... aims to determine the role of single celled plants, animals, bacteria and viruses in Antarctic waters. We quantify their vital role as food for other organisms, their potential influence in moderating global climate change through absorption of CO2 and production of DMS, and determine their response to effect of climate change. For more information, see the other metadata records related to ASAC project 40 (ASAC_40). The fields in this dataset are: Tube Label Date (UTC) Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude Sea Temperature Ice (Presence or Absence) Lugols Bottle Fluorometer

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2519 See the link below for public details on this project. This dataset comprises of floating buoy data collected as part of the ARGO program. All of the data are automatically uploaded to the main ARGO data centre, and can be accessed from there (via the provided URL). Above the map of current float locations on this web page, there are buttons to allow you to access an interactive map, search for floats, and access the data. The Argo floats are programmed to measure temperature and salinity profiles from 2000m to the sea surface every 10 days. When they surface they transmit the profile data, their location, and various engineering parameters to satellite. The data ares put on the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) and are available within 24 hours. Global data centres in the USA and France receive the raw data from the country of origin and also update the data when quality control is performed. Some floats measure other data in addition to temperature and salinity. Dissolved oxygen and current velocity are two other parameters that are measured by a few floats. See the ARGO website for further details about each float (information can be accessed using the WMO (World Meteorological Organisation) numbers provided in the download file). The fields in this dataset are: Launch Date Latitude Longitude ARGO Number WMO Number Webb Number Deployment Order Number More information about the dataset is provided in a readme file as part of the download. Data were last updated in early May, 2014.

Locations of sampling sites for ASAC project 40 on voyage 3 of the Aurora Australis in the 2006/2007 season. Samples were collected during January and February of 2007. The final dataset will contain information on chlorophyll, carotenoids, coccolithophorids and species identification and counts. Public Summary from the project: This program ... aims to determine the role of single celled plants, animals, bacteria and viruses in Antarctic waters. We quantify their vital role as food for other organisms, their potential influence in moderating global climate change through absorption of CO2 and production of DMS, and determine their response to effect of climate change. For more information, see the other metadata records related to ASAC project 40 (ASAC_40). The fields in this dataset are: Tube Label Date (UTC) Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude Sea Temperature Ice (Presence or Absence) Lugols Bottle Fluorometer

Locations of sampling sites for ASAC project 40 on voyage 6 of the Aurora Australis in the 1997/1998 season. Samples were collected during March of 1998. The final dataset will contain information on chlorophyll, carotenoids, coccolithophorids and species identification and counts. Public Summary from the project: This program ... aims to determine the role of single celled plants, animals, bacteria and viruses in Antarctic waters. We quantify their vital role as food for other organisms, their potential influence in moderating global climate change through absorption of CO2 and production of DMS, and determine their response to effect of climate change. For more information, see the other metadata records related to ASAC project 40 (ASAC_40). The fields in this dataset are: Tube Label Date (UTC) Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude Sea Temperature Ice (Presence or Absence) Lugols Bottle Fluorometer

Please also see the child records of this project for access to data. Attached to this record are the originally supplied datasets for 1997-1998, and also summary files and mooring diagrams supplied in 2012. Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report: Progress against objectives: The key to advancing the objective of understanding ocean processes controlling uptake of atmospheric CO2 is the ability to deploy moored autonomous samplers and sensors in Southern Ocean surface waters capable of quantifying seasonal cycles in biological and biogeochemical processes. Our effort in the last 12 months has focused on development of a robust mooring platform to carry these devices. We deployed two different engineering test designs, known as Pulse 5 Heavy and Pulse 5 Light. Both designs survived 6 months in the sea, including wave heights up to 12 meters, while transmitting mooring tensions, mooring accelerations, and GPS positions live to the internet (www.imos.org.au). Following this success we are preparing to deploy the next version of Pulse with scientific instruments to measure temperature, salinity, oxygen, and phytoplankton fluorescence. In addition we deployed a deep ocean mooring with time-series sediment traps to quantify sinking particle fluxes, and in-situ settling columns to determine particle sinking rates. Taken from the 2009/2010 Progress Report: Progress against objectives: Two voyages were awarded by the Australian Marine National Facility to use RV Southern Surveyor to service these Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) moorings in the 2009/10 season, and for this reason the shiptime awarded to this project by AAS was not needed and was relinquished. This arrangement will continue in 2010/11 for which the MNF has again awarded two voyages in September 2010 and April 2011. The fieldwork in 2009/10 was very successful: i) the SAZ deep sediment trap mooring was recovered in September 2009 and redeployed for recovery in September 2010. ii) the PULSE biogeochemistry mooring was deployed in September 2009 and functioned beautifully prior to recovery in March 2010 for servicing. It will be redeployed in September 2010. iii) the SOFS Southern Ocean Flux Station mooring was completed and deployed in March 2010 for recovery in April 2011, and redeployment in September 2011.

This dataset contains temperature and salinity data from CTD observations at Mawson, Antarctica. Profiles to 370m were attempted on an approximately monthly basis between October 1980 and October 1982. A representative value for each month of the year has been obtained during this 2 year period. The fields in this dataset are: observation_date (the date of observation, in ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ. This information is also separated into the year, month, day, etc components) observation_date_year (the year of the observation date) observation_date_month (the month of the observation date) observation_date_day (the day of the observation date) depth (the depth at which measurements were made in m) temperature (the measured water temperature in degrees C) salinity (the measured salinity in ppt) sigma_t (kgm^-3)

This dataset contains the locations of sampling sites for ASAC project 40 on rotation 0 of the French polar supply ship L'Astrolabe in the 2002/2003 season. Samples were collected between October and November of 2002. It also contains the final dataset which has information on chlorophyll, carotenoids, coccolithophorids and species identification and counts. Public Summary from the project: This program aims to determine the role of single celled plants, animals, bacteria and viruses in Antarctic waters. We quantify their vital role as food for other organisms, their potential influence in moderating global climate change through absorption of CO2 and production of DMS, and determine their response to effect of climate change. For more information, see the other metadata records related to ASAC project 40 (ASAC_40). The fields in this dataset are: Voyage Tube Label Date (UTC) Time (UTC) Time (Local) Nominal Depth (m) Latitude Longitude Sea Temperature Ice (Presence or Absence - 1 or 0 respectively) Coccolithophorid sample (yes or no) Plankton Net Sample Chlorophyll a (micro grams per litre) Pigments

This is a parent metadata record for work carried out as part of ASAC/AAS project 40. See the child metadata records for further information. More than 95% of the biomass in the Southern Ocean is microscopic - single celled plants, animals, bacteria and viruses. We are studying the factors that control their distribution and abundance - oceanographic and seasonal conditions, their physiology, and grazing - in order to model their vital roles as food for other organisms and their influence in moderating global climate change through absorption of CO2 and production of DMS. We are also addressing the changes expected in microbial communities through effects of climate change - global warming, sea ice retreat, ocean acidification and enhanced ultraviolet radiation. This project aims to determine the role of microorganisms in the Southern Ocean. The major objectives are to: * Identify and quantify key protistan components of the Southern Ocean ecosystem and study their autoecology. * Identify environmental and ecological processes that control abundance of key microbial components. * Determine interactions between key microbial components to quantify major pathways of carbon flow. * Determine the activity and viability of bacterioplankton and protists in the Southern Ocean. * Distinguish different microbial communities by identifying key taxa and associations so that processes such as primary production, respiration, grazing and particle flux can be readily parameterised in ecological models. * Determine the effect of elevated CO2 concentrations on microbial populations and processes. Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report: Progress against objectives: 1. Ongoing sampling from Astrolabe has continued, with 3 return voyages being sampled for phytoplankton species, chlorophyll a and other pigments, coccolithophorid counts and DNA profiles, in conjunction with measurements of CO2, ocean structure, fluorescence and ocean colour by CSIRO / CRC colleagues. 2. Three sets of minicosm experiments were conducted at Davis station with 7 staff spending 4.5 - 5.5 months on site. These experiments consistently found that acidification caused blooms of nanoplanktonic diatoms and increased bacterial activity, apparently by inhibition of microheterotroph grazers, at the expense of larger cells that are more readily ingested by grazers such as krill. We showed for the first time in Antarctic waters that pCO2 affects the structure and function Antarctic microbial communities in a way that may reduce food availability to large grazers. Over 100 cultures of "winners and losers" from such experiments were isolated and returned to Australia. These will form the basis for further physiological experiments including molecular assays. 3. Submission and acceptance of 8 papers from the BROKE-West cruise (5 as senior author). These showed the interactions between bottom-up (micronutient) top-down (grazing) control in structuring microbial populations in the marginal ice zone. Five biogeographic zones were identified on the basis of species composition, and the productivity was measured for each zone. Microzooplankton grazing experiments found that grazing within that microbial loop consumed a significant proportion of new productivity. In some areas later in the season, all productivity was consumed by microheterotrophs, rather than metazoans such as krill. A time sequence was identified for seeding and development of components of ice edge blooms, subsequent grazing and decline and a mechanism postulated for export of micronutrients (e.g. iron) by grazing and sedimentation that prevents subsequent development of surface water blooms and constrains populations to a deep chlorophyll maximum below the level of a nutricline. 4. Detailed analysis of greater than 30 strains of keystone species Emiliania huxleyi of two morphotypes in conjunction with Clara Hoppe (Masters student, Alfred Wegener Institute) and Suellen Cook (PhD student, University of Tasmania) showed consistent differences between strains in terms of pigmentation, responses to light and genetics. The two morphotypes appear to be adapted to different mixing regimes north and south of the Polar Front; the southern form may represent a new species. For a full list of references associated with this project, see the project link at the provided URL.