These data describe pack ice characteristics in the Antarctic sea ice zone. These data are in the ASPeCt format. National program: Russia Vessel: Mikhail Somov Dates in ice: 09 Mar 1994 - 09 May 1994 Observers: Unknown Translation to ASPeCt data format: Vladimir Smirnov Summary of voyage track: 9/3 Ice edge at approx. 67S, 13E 9-15/3 Ice edge to Novolazarevskaya (12E) 20-24/3 Novolazarevskaya to Molodezhnaya (46E) 2-9/4 Molodezhnaya to Druzhnaya (74E) 11-12/4 Druzhnaya to Progress (76E) 12-17/4 Progress to Molodezhnaya 25-30/4 Molodezhnaya to Novolazarevskaya 1-9/5 Novolazarevskaya to Bellingshausen St (59W) The fields for this dataset are: SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SEA ICE FLOE SIZE SEA ICE SNOW COVER SEA ICE THICKNESS SEA ICE TOPOGRAPHY SEA ICE TYPE RECORD DATE TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE OPEN WATER TRACK SNOW THICKNESS SNOW TYPE SEA TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE WIND VELOCITY WIND DIRECTION FILM COUNTER FRAME COUNTER FOR FILM VIDEO RECORDER COUNTER VISIBILITY CODE CLOUD WEATHER CODE COMMENTS

These data describe pack ice characteristics in the Antarctic sea ice zone. These data are in the ASPeCt format. National program: Australia Vessel: Ice Bird Dates in ice: 19 Mar 1988 - 29 Mar 1989 Observers: Jeff Wilson Summary of voyage track: 19/3 Observations started at Davis station 68d11mS 76d23mE 19-25/3 Steamed west from Davis to Mawson 27/3 Some observations north of Mawson toward ice edge The fields in this dataset are: SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SEA ICE FLOE SIZE SEA ICE SNOW COVER SEA ICE THICKNESS SEA ICE TOPOGRAPHY SEA ICE TYPE RECORD DATE TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE OPEN WATER TRACK SNOW THICKNESS SNOW TYPE SEA TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE WIND VELOCITY WIND DIRECTION FILM COUNTER FRAME COUNTER FOR FILM VIDEO RECORDER COUNTER VISIBILITY CODE CLOUD WEATHER CODE COMMENTS

Oceanographic measurements were conducted in January 1994 (on voyage 7 of the 1993/1994 summer season) along WOCE Southern Ocean meridional section SR3 between Tasmania and Antarctica, and along a northward section lying between 82 and 86 deg.E and crossing the Princess Elizabeth Trough. Additional measurements were made at mooring locations, and at a time series station. A total of 102 CTD vertical profile stations were taken, most to near bottom. Over 2000 Niskin water bottle samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, carbon 13, dimethyl sulphide/dimethyl sulphoniopropionate, iodate/iodide, and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Measurement and data processing techniques are described, and a summary of the data are presented in graphical and tabular form. The fields in this dataset are: oceanography ship station number date start time bottom time finish time cruise start position bottom position finish position maximum position bottom depth pressure sigma-T temperature (C) (ITS-90) salinity (PSS78) density-1000 (kg.m-3) specific volume anomaly x 108 geopotential anomaly dissolved oxygen (mmol.l-1) number of data points used in the 2 dbar averaging bin standard deviation of temperature values in the 2 dbar bin standard deviation of conductivity values in the 2 dbar bin fluorescence photosynthetically active radiation CTD pressure (dbar) CTD temperature (C) (ITS-90) reversing thermometer temperature (C) CTD conductivity (mS.cm-1) CTD salinity (PSS78) bottle salinity (PSS78) bottle quality flag (-1=rejected, 0=suspect, 1=good) niskin bottle number

This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 2 2001-02. This voyage went to Casey and Macquarie Island, leaving from and returning to Hobart. Underway (meteorological, fluorometer and thermosalinograph) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL given below). For further information, see the Marine Science Support Data Quality Report at the Related URL below.

This dataset contains CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) and nutrient (nitrate, phosphate, silicate) data obtained from the First International BIOMASS Experiment (FIBEX) cruise of the Nella Dan, during Jan - Mar 1981. The cruise is the first in a series of six, providing a long term field survey studying krill and other zooplankton. 52 CTD casts were taken in the Prydz Bay region, and nutrient data were collected at 14 out of the 52 CTD stations. Casts were made to 2000 m or to near bottom if shallower. The oceanographic sampling was done as a supplement to the krill research program and the nutrient sampling to help interpret phytoplankton distribution and abundance, so sampling location and depth were not necessarily selected according to oceanographic or nutrient related considerations.

These data describe pack ice characteristics in the Antarctic sea ice zone. These data are in the ASPeCt format. National program: Russia Vessel: Mikhail Somov Dates in ice: 12 Feb 1981 - 17 Feb 1981 Observers: Unknown Translation to ASPeCt format: Vladimir Smirnov Summary of voyage track: 12/2 Ice edge at approx. 73S, 140W 12-13/2 From ice edge to Russkaya (136W) 16-17/2 From Russkaya to ice edge at approx. 73S, 139W The column headings in this datasets are: SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SEA ICE FLOE SIZE SEA ICE SNOW COVER SEA ICE THICKNESS SEA ICE TOPOGRAPHY SEA ICE TYPE RECORD DATE TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE OPEN WATER TRACK SNOW THICKNESS SNOW TYPE SEA TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE WIND VELOCITY WIND DIRECTION FILM COUNTER FRAME COUNTER FOR FILM VIDEO RECORDER COUNTER VISIBILITY CODE CLOUD WEATHER CODE COMMENTS

These data describe pack ice characteristics in the Antarctic sea ice zone. These data are in the ASPeCt format. National program: Russia Vessel: Akademic Fedorov Dates in ice: 28 Apr 1998 - 05 Jun 1998 Observers: Unknown Translation to ASPeCt data format: Vladimir Smirnov Summary of voyage track: 28/4 Ice edge at approx. 63S, 112E 28/4-1/5 From ice edge to Mirny (93E) 2-9/5 At Mirny 10-16/5 Mirny to Progress (76E) 18-22/5 Progress to Molodezhnaya (46E) 28/5-1/6 Molodezhnaya to Novolazarevskaya (12E) 4-5/6 Novolazarevskaya to ice edge at approx. 63S, 10E The fields in this dataset are: SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SEA ICE FLOE SIZE SEA ICE SNOW COVER SEA ICE THICKNESS SEA ICE TOPOGRAPHY SEA ICE TYPE RECORD DATE TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE OPEN WATER TRACK SNOW THICKNESS SNOW TYPE SEA TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE WIND VELOCITY WIND DIRECTION FILM COUNTER FRAME COUNTER FOR FILM VIDEO RECORDER COUNTER VISIBILITY CODE CLOUD WEATHER CODE COMMENTS

These data describe pack ice characteristics in the Antarctic sea ice zone. These data are in the ASPeCt format. National program: United States Vessel: Gould Dates in ice: 27 Jul 2001 - 26 Aug 2001 Observers: Chris Fritsen, Sarah Marschall, Jeramie Memmott, Sharon Stammerjohn, Bruce Elder, Kerry Claffey, Shonna Dovel, Angela Gibson Summary of voyage track: 27/7 Ice edge at approx 65S, 64W 27/7 - 26/8 Ship track focussed on the western side of the Peninsula 26/8 Ice observations stopped at Palmer station (Note - the NBP was in the same region at the same time - NP070801) The fields for this dataset are: SEA ICE CONCENTRATION SEA ICE FLOE SIZE SEA ICE SNOW COVER SEA ICE THICKNESS SEA ICE TOPOGRAPHY SEA ICE TYPE RECORD DATE TIME LATITUDE LONGITUDE OPEN WATER TRACK SNOW THICKNESS SNOW TYPE SEA TEMPERATURE AIR TEMPERATURE WIND VELOCITY WIND DIRECTION FILM COUNTER FRAME COUNTER FOR FILM VIDEO RECORDER COUNTER VISIBILITY CODE CLOUD WEATHER CODE COMMENTS

Using the ECMWF analyses for the three FROST periods, a data set has been extracted to show the anomalous mean sea level pressure over these periods. In addition a comprehensive analysis of all cyclones in the sub Antarctic region during the special observing periods is part of the set. From the abstracts of some of the referenced papers: The data collected during the three special observing periods (SOPs) of the Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of the Troposphere project provide an excellent base upon which to study the behaviour of cyclonic systems in winter, spring, and summer in the Southern Hemisphere. This paper provides a report on the behaviour of these cyclonic systems during the three SOPs as revealed in the twice-daily ECMWF operational analyses. The study has been undertaken with an objective cyclone tracking algorithm applied to the digital analyses. The results revealed cyclone behaviour generally in accord with long-term climatologies developed with this scheme. In the SOPs the authors observed many systems to be generated in the western part of the ocean basins and then to move east and, to a lesser extent, south. In the three periods they found a concentration of tracks just to the north of the Antarctic continent, being particularly noticeable in the Indian Ocean. At the same time, they found significant differences in cyclone behaviour between the climatology and the SOPs in specific regions. The monthly mean sea level pressure (MSLP) anomalies during the SOPs were quite large (and exceeded 10 hPa in places), particularly in the Pacific and in the region to the south of Australia. It appears that the anomalous cyclone structure during the SOPs could be related to the anomalies of the MSLP. The authors suggest that the three SOPs cannot be regarded as typical of their time of year, but it could be argued that no specific period could be so regarded. The results obtained with these high quality analyses during the SOPs have confirmed the Antarctic coast as a region of high cyclone density and of very active cyclogenesis. The identification of these high levels of coastal cyclogenesis appears to differ from early studies that suggested the greatest (winter) cyclogenetic activity to be much farther north in the 40-50S region, The results presented here, however, concur with recent studies undertaken with high-resolution satellite data and four-dimensional data analyses, and the theoretical consequences of the baroclinic structure of the Antarctic coastal region. The Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of the Troposphere (FROST) project had three one-month Special Observing Periods (SOPs) during which the commitment was made to ensure that all additional data collected were passed on via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) to operational centres for use in the construction of the analyses. These analyses can be regarded as the best available for these times of year, given the special effort to include additional data south of 50S during these periods. The availability of these high-quality analyses has stimulated us to refine the Melbourne University numerical cyclone tracking algorithm, with additional synoptic guidance gained from a manual analysis of southern hemisphere cyclones in the winter SOP (July 1994). Using the refined scheme we have compiled and compared statistics of cyclone tracks obtained objectively from the Australian GASP (Global Assimilation and Prediction) system analyses and manually from semi-independent analyses. Our results show that the cyclones found by the numerical and manual approaches bear considerable similarity to each other, even for complex systems for which such unanimity might not have been expected. In general, the automatic algorithm tended to 'find' more systems than did the manual analyst, with these extra systems being predominantly those identified as weak and/or open. The results emphasise the difference in perception of what constitutes a low. The overall behaviour of cyclones revealed by the objective scheme in July 1994 was consistent with that identified in various climatologies in that many systems were generated in the western part of the ocean basins and moved to the east and, to a lesser extent, to the south. A concentration of tracks was found just to the north of the Antarctic continent. On the other hand, this specific month was anomalous in a number of respects; this was reflected in the nature and distribution of cyclone activity. The consistency of the findings with those of an experienced, practicing synoptician means that the state-of-the-art numerical algorithm can be applied to numerical analyses and model output with confidence. It is argued that mathematical and numerical models can be of immense value to the climatologist and palaeoclimatologist as these tools can provide the 'glue' and framework which can tie together various pieces of climatic information. The power of these models lies in the fact that they are based on the basic physics governing the complex processes which determine climate and its variability and changes. The discussion presents some specific examples of where the modelling philosophy is able to contribute significantly to the task of interpreting palaeoclimatic information, ensuring the internal consistency of proxy data, and gaining new perspectives on the climate matrix.

This metadata record contains an Excel file containing stable isotope analysis data of marine sediments and invertebrates collected at Davis Station from December 2009 to March 2010. Refer to Gillies et al. 2013 for sampling and analysis details. Gillies C.L., Stark J.S., Johnstone G.J., Smith S.D.A., 2013. Establishing a food web model for coastal Antarctic benthic communities: a case study from the Vestfold Hills, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 478: 27 – 41. Also refer to the Davis STP reports lodged under metadata record Davis_STP for methods and result details. Background of the Davis STP project Refer to the Davis STP reports lodged under metadata record Davis_STP.