AM01 borehole drilled January 2002. Partial annual data retrieved for 2002, and 2003. AM01b borehole drilled mid-December 2003. No new thermistor strings deployed. Consult Readme file for detail of data files and formats. New data and readme added July 2006.

This dataset contains in-situ atmospheric ozone mixing ratios observed during SIPEX 2. Ozone Monitor Instrument Description: Commercial dual cell ultraviolet ozone analyser: Thermoelectron Model 49C. Calibration to a traceable ozone standard prior to and after the voyage. Ozone loss in inlet and on filter quantified and negligible. Instrument Setup: This instrument is sampling from its own Teflon sample air inlet secured to the front port side railing of the Monkey Deck. Air samples are drawn through a 30m quarter inch Teflon tube then through an inline particle filter before being entering the instrument located in the Met-Lab. Each week, a 30 minute instrument zero is performed by inserting an inline scrubber which catalyses ozone destruction. In the current position, wind from the aft of the ship will blow ship exhaust over the inlet, causing fluctuating low ozone values. Use the 2D anemometer and mercury measurements made on "Ned Kelly" in the mercury data file to filter for wind direction versus heading, also the mercury data itself is indicative of sampling ship emissions. The files included are in csv format. Files are named as per the date they were created. Data continued to log to the most recent file until data collection stopped. There is a "Long" and a "Normal" file for each set. The "Long" contains instrument parameters logged every hour, and the "Normal" contains minute average ozone concentrations.

This dataset contains information on the distribution of Penguins and their breeding colonies in the Australian Antarctic sector, as of 1983. It forms Australia's contribution to the International Survey of Antarctic Seabirds (ISAS). The results are listed in the documentation. These include counts of chicks, adults and nests, as well as colony distribution maps. The survey includes Emperor Penguins, Adelie Penguins, King Penguins, Gentoo Penguins, Macaroni Penguins, Rockhopper Penguins, Chinstrap Penguins and Royal Penguins. Original data were taken from ANARE Research Notes 9. Only data from the Australian Antarctic Territory is described in this metadata record. Images of rough maps detailing the locations of each of the colonies are available for download from the url given below. Observation and count data have been incorporated into the Australian Antarctic Data Centre's Biodiversity Database. The data are presented in the format of Croxall and Kirkwood (1979) as recommended by the Report of the Subcommittee on Bird Biology held in Pretoria. In the tables all counts are estimates of the number of breeding pairs except where otherwise indicated. The numerical estimates and counts are of three kinds, indicated by the coded N, C or A: NESTS (N = count of NESTS or breeding/incubating pairs) The most accurate count of breeding pairs is that derived from a count of nests. This is usually carried out during incubation, but may also be made while chicks are still in the nest, before creches are formed. Such counts are only underestimates of breeding pairs by the number of breeding failures sustained between egg laying and the date of the count. CHICKS (C = count of CHICKS) Late in the breeding season the only counts possible are those of chicks. In general most pygosceild penguins raise one chick per pair per season, so a count of chicks gives a reasonable approximation of the original number of breeding pairs. However, season to season variation in breeding success can often be considerable. For example Yeates (1968) reports breeding success in Adelie Penguins at Cape Royds of twenty-six per cent, forty-seven per cent and sixty-eight per cent ever three seasons. Also, Macaroni Penguins only raise approximately 0.5 chicks per pair per season, so that chick counts of this species may be a considerable underestimate of the true breeding population. ADULTS (A = count of ADULTS) Many colony counts and estimates were expressed as total number of birds or adults. These figures are difficult to interpret as they depend on the time during the breeding season at which they were made. For some days prior to and until laying is finished, both birds of a pair will be present at the nest site while during incubation it is more likely that only one bird will be present. A further problem with counts of 'birds' is that they may include individuals who are not breeding and this gives an overestimate of the true breeding population. The counts of 'birds' or 'adults' which appear unqualified in log books have been divided by two to give an estimate of the number of breeding pairs. It must be stressed therefore that these counts are the least accurate. The degree of accuracy of these counts is inevitably highly variable and it is often difficult to ascertain on what basis a figure was arrived at. For the present survey counts have been allocated to one of five degrees of accuracy. 1. Pairs/nests essentially individually counted. The count is probably accurate to better than + 5 per cent. 2. Numbers of pairs in a known area counted individually and knowing the total area of the colony, the overall total calculated. This technique is useful for very large colonies. 3. Accurate estimates; + 10-15 per cent accuracy. 4. Rough estimate; accurate to 25-50 per cent. 5. Guesstimate; to nearest order of magnitude. Many references are in the form ANARE (Johnstone) or simply ANARE. These refer to unpublished reports extracted from ANARE station biology logs. Those in the form Budd (1961) refer to published records and are listed in the references at the end of this publication. The locations of some colonies are indicated on maps. Place names that (as of 1983) have not yet been approved are shown in the tables and on the maps in parentheses, for example: (ROCKERY ISLAND).

Sediment cores were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator, during the IN2017_V01 voyage from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. The cores were collected using a multi-corer (MC) and a Kasten corer (KC). The MC were sliced every centimetre, wrapped up in plastic bags, and stored in the fridge. The KC was sub-sampled using a u-channel; and sliced every centimetre once back the home laboratory (IMAS, UTAS, Hobart, Australia). About 200 mg of sediment were dried in an oven at 40°C, ground using a pestle and a mortar and weighed into centrifuge tube. Chlorin (degradation products of chlorophyll-a) was extracted by sonication with acetone (90%; HPLC grade) following Schubert et al., (2005). Sample fluorescence was measured in triplicate by spectrofluorometry, at the excitation wavelength of 428 nm and the emission wavelength of 671 nm. The chlorin concentration was measured as followed: [chlorin] = F/C x 0.000015 / (S/1000) Where [chlorin] is the chlorin concentration in µg/g; F is the averaged fluorimetry intensity; C is the spectrofluorometer constant 1287.9; and S is the sediment weight in mg. References Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications, (March). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/13/5acea64c48693 Schubert, C. J., Niggemann, J., Klockgether, G., and Ferdelman, T. G. (2005). Chlorin Index: A new parameter for organic matter freshness in sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000837

From the abstract of the attached paper: Underwater calling behaviour between breathing bouts of a single adult male Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) was examined with respect to call type and timing late in the breeding season at Davis Station, Antarctica. Underwater calls and breathing sounds were recorded on 1 and 8 December 1997. Thirty-seven sequences of calls prior to surfacing to breathe and 36 post-submerging sets of calls were analysed with respect to probability of call type occurrence and timing. Dives were 461 plus or minus 259 seconds (mean plus or minus standard deviation). The seal called every 29.7 plus or minus 56.2 seconds throughout a dive. The first call after submerging was usually (n = 29 of 36) a low frequency (less than 0.8 kHz) growl. Three patterns of three- to five-call type sequences were made following 28 of 36 breathing bouts. Call type patterns after submerging exhibited fewer different sequences than those before surfacing (chi-squared = 61.42, DF = 4, p less than 0.000001). The call usage patterns before surfacing were diverse and did not indicate when the seal was going to surface, a time when he would be vulnerable to attack from below. Our findings suggest the hypotheses that territorial male Weddell seals call throughout each dive and use stereotyped call patterns to identify themselves while vocally asserting dominance. This work was completed as part of ASAC project 2122 (ASAC_2122). The fields in this dataset are: Tape number Sequence per tape Sequence entire data Call types Count since last breath Last breathing bout number Count prior to next breath Time in tape (seconds) End time of last breath Start time of next breath Time since dive The 'sequence' relates to the sequence of call types that are given between the end of the last breath of a breathing bout and the beginning of the first breath the next time the seal surfaces to breathe. Essentially the report relates to the stereotyped nature of the call types, especially just after the dominant male dives after finishing breathing. Each time the animal surfaced, that was identified as a breathing bout. They are numbered sequentially. At the very start of the data set the seal had to surface before the breathing bout could be counted (as number 1). This procedure enabled us to identify the order and timing of the calls that occurred immediately before and immediately after each breathing bout. Thus, the 'count prior to the next breath' gives the order of the calls before the seal surfaced to breathe again (third last, second last, last,). The call types were analysed with respect to the following pattern: third last, second last, last, breathing bout, first, second, third, etc. to third last, second last, last, next breathing bout.

This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 2 2002-03. This voyage was a Davis resupply and restock of fuel at Sansom Island, and remove waste and equipment for return to Australia. Personnel and equipment were deployed to the Prince Charles Mountains (PCMEGA) Programme. Underway (meteorological, fluorometer and thermosalinograph) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section). For further information, see the Marine Science Support Data Quality Report at the Related URL section.

This dataset contains the underway data from Voyage 1 and 1.1 1991-92 (WOCE91) of the Aurora Australis. This was a marine science voyage, being the first WOCE SR3 transect from Tasmania to Dibble Ice Tongue and return. Voyage 1 went to Macquarie Island but returned with a broken winch. The program then resumed as Voyage 1.1. See the Marine Science Support Data Quality and Programmer's Reports via the Related URL section.

The ASPeCt - Bio dataset is a compilation of currently available sea ice chlorophyll a (chl-a) data from pack ice (i.e., excluding fast ice) cores collected during 32 cruises to the Southern Ocean sea ice zone from 1983 to 2008 (Table S1). Data come from peer-reviewed publications, cruise reports, data repositories and direct contributions by field-research teams. During all cruises the chl-a concentration (in micrograms per litre) was measured from melted ice core sections, using standard procedures, e.g., by melting the ice at less than 5 degrees C in the dark; filtering samples onto glassfibre filters; and fluorometric analysis according to standard protocols [Holm-Hansen et al., 1965; Evans et al., 1987]. Ice samples were melted either directly or in filtered sea water, which does not yield significant differences in chl-a concentration [Dieckmann et al., 1998]. The dataset consists of 1300 geo-referenced ice cores, consisting of 8247 individual ice core sections, and including 990 vertical profiles with a minimum of three sections. An updated dataset was provided in 2017-12-15, which included a compilation Net CDF file.

This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage 1 2003-04. This voyage went to the Casey area, leaving from and returning to Hobart. Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section). For further information, see the Marine Science Support Data Quality Report at the Related URL section.