In July 1989 a circular was distributed calling for applicants for survey duties in the Antarctic over the 1989-90 summer season. The aim of this survey was to carry out a number of survey tasks in the Vestfold Hills, Larsemann Hills, Mawson and the Southern Prince Charles Mountains. It soon became apparent that for logistic reasons deployment in the PCMs would be difficult and this part of the survey was deleted. Job reports for this survey season : Larsemann Hills Photo control; SPOT Image control Rauer Group; Law Base; Russian tide gauge conn. Russian Primary Mark connection; Russian ice runway; Blundell Peak; Vestfold Hills; GPS baselines; Ancient Marine terraces, Lake water levels, Over Ice route markers, Mawson Pageos connection. Includes text, tables, aerial photographs and diagrams.

Taken from sections of the Report (paraphrased): Introduction In August 1991, I was approached to go to Antarctica for 3 months, detached to AUSLIG, to conduct survey tasks at Mawson and Heard Island over the 1991/1992 field season. The following is my report to AUSLIG/ANTARCTIC Division outlining all results of my participation in the field season. The Mawson campaign began on 01 Dec 91, with the departure of RSV Aurora Australis from Hobart. The experience of working in Antarctica was invaluable and the opportunity to contribute to the scientific development of the AAT was appreciated. In terms of achievement the season was a success, with only a small number of pre-assigned field tasks in the Mawson and Heard Island areas not being completed. Operations Several tasks were required to be conducted over the field season, in accordance with briefs received prior to departure. A sequence of events is attached. SCAR 92 GPS Project. GPS Observation Pillar Tide Gauge Deployment Colbeck Archipelago and Taylor Glacier Scullin Monolith On Station Control Photo Identification of Off-Shore Control Heard Island Miscellaneous

Taken from sections of the report: 1. Introduction This report details the survey work carried out on Macquarie Island during November 1997 by LANDINFO staff on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division's Mapping Program. The main task of the survey team was to acquire aerial photography of the island to enable the production of a new topographic map of the island. Other tasks involved field checking the digital station area map (DSAM) and providing support to the tide gauge maintenance team. The following team carried out the survey-mapping work: Tom Gordon LANDINFO Surveyor Roger Handsworth Antarctic Division Engineer Although this report touches on the work carried out by Roger Handsworth and Rupert Summerson, it does not cover the specifics of their work. 2. Project Brief The survey-mapping brief lists the following tasks: 1. Aerial Photography of the Island and station area. 2. Aerial Photography of Judge and Clerk Island to the south and Bishop and Clerk Island to the north of Macquarie Island. 3. Second order levelling from the tide gauge bench marks to AUS 211 4. Updating the Digital Station Area map. These tasks are listed in order of priority. A copy of the survey brief for Macquarie Island is included in Appendix A.

Taken from sections of the report: The aim of the survey and mapping program on V5.1 was to carry out various surveying tasks at Mawson and Casey as listed later in this report. The vessel used in Voyage 5.1 was The Polar Queen. Voyage 5.1 left Capetown on Thursday 18th February and arrived Fremantle Friday 19th. March. Depart Capetown Thursday 18th February Arrive Mawson Sunday 28th February Depart Mawson Tuesday 2nd March Arrive Davis Thursday 4th March Depart Davis Thursday 4th March Arrive Casey Monday 8th March Depart Casey Thursday 11th March Arrive Fremantle Thursday 18th March The survey team was: Henk Brolsma Australian Antarctic Division - surveyor. John Hyslop Australian Antarctic Division - volunteer surveyor. The surveying at Mawson and Casey included bringing the data representing the station infrastructure up to date. The station infrastructure data is available for download in GIS format (shapefiles) from Related URLs below. The data resulting from this survey has a Dataset_id of 15. The data is formatted according to the SCAR Feature Catalogue. For data quality information about a particular feature use the Qinfo number of the feature to search for information using the 'Search datasets and quality' tab at a Related URL below. Matt King, Rachel Manson and Lee Palfrey assisted with survey work at Casey. They carried out GPS surveys for aerial photo control, Casey and Wilkes, tide gauge bench marks at Casey, buildings detail at Wilkes and route markers around the station. Their work is not covered in this report.

Taken from sections of the report: Introduction This report details the survey work carried out in Antarctica and Heard Island from December of 1996 to March of 1997 by AUSLIG on behalf of Australian Antarctic Divisions Mapping Program. The principle aim of this work was to acquire aerial photography of; the coastal areas west of Mawson, Scullin and Murray Monoliths, the immediate area around Davis station, Gaussberg and Heard Island. A number of other tasks were also carried out. In the following pages each task will be dealt with in terms of the technique employed and the results achieved and coordinates will be quoted as appropriate to the topic being discussed. Where these coordinates have been derived from GPS observations a detailed report on the processing of each baseline can be found at Appendix C. These result files have also been supplied in digital form. The survey work was carried out by the following people : Paul Digney Antarctic Division Volunteer Roger Handsworth Platypus Engineering Noel Ward AUSLIG This report does not cover the specifics of the work carried out by Roger Handsworth, that being the subject of separate reports to be submitted by him. Time Frame The survey field party departed Hobart at 5pm on Monday 9 December 1996 aboard RV Aurora Australis, Voyage 4 of the Antarctic re-supply season. Voyage 4 commenced cargo operations at Mawson on 22 December 1996. The survey party returned to Australia via Heard island from Davis Station departing Davis on 15 March 1997 aboard RV Aurora Australis, Voyage 5. Voyage 5 returned to Hobart on Saturday 29 March 1997. All passengers disembarked at about 5pm that day. The movements of the Survey party between operational areas whilst within Antarctica are as follows : 22 December 1996 - The Stillwell Hills field party, including the survey party, departed for the Stillwell Hills directly from RV Aurora Australis, 10 January 1997 - The Stillwell Hills field party, including the survey party moved to Kemp Peak depot, Stillwell Hills 11 January 1997 - The Survey party move to Mawson by S76 helicopter 29 January 1997 - Move to Davis Station via Sansom Island, by S76 helicopter, 13 February 1997 - 'Day trip' to Gaussberg ex. Davis by S76 helicopter. Aim and Project Brief Work was undertaken by AUSLIG for Antarctic Division in a number of operational areas this season. The principle areas of activity Mawson Station and the coastal areas west to Kloa Point, Davis Station and the Vestfold Hills, Gaussberg and Heard Island. The actual tasks to be carried out and the prioritisation of those tasks, at each location defined by Australian Antarctic Division and were detailed in their Brief to Surveyors(see Appendix A). As the season progressed variations both in the scope of the work programme and the relative priorities of tasks within the programme occurred. Such changes were forwarded from the Mapping Officer if originating in Kingston; or if originating in Antarctica were discussed with the Mapping Officer, if operational circumstances allowed, before implementation. At each location the major task was the acquisition of aerial photography and then establishment of ground control for that photography. Other significant tasks included vertical connections between tide gauge bench marks and the ARGN GPS sites.

This indicator is no longer maintained, and is considered OBSOLETE. INDICATOR DEFINITION A count of visits and visitor numbers to Australian Antarctic Territory sites and Australia's sub-Antarctic islands by Australian and overseas tour operators and private vessels. Data are also available for Australian tour operators that visit other (non-AAT) areas of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. TYPE OF INDICATOR There are three types of indicators used in this report: 1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system; 2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system; 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system. This indicator is one of: PRESSURE RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION Shipborne Antarctic tourist numbers have quadrupled in the past fifteen years. Antarctic tourism is expected to continue to exhibit high growth, particularly if more large cruise ships begin operating there. Antarctic tourism is currently concentrated around the Antarctic Peninsula area and associated sub-Antarctic islands. Apart from visits to Australia's sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island (which is managed by the State of Tasmania), there are currently only limited tourist visits to the AAT and other Australian sub-Antarctic islands. It is, however, important to track these activities due to the potential risk of cumulative environmental impact: the areas of most interest to tourists are those with concentrations of wildlife, with unique physical or biotic characteristics, or with heritage sites. Increased visits by tourist ships in Antarctic waters also increase the potential for oil spills, wildlife disturbance, effluent/waste discharges and introduced diseases. DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM Spatial scale: Australian Antarctic Territory and Australian sub-Antarctic islands visited by tour operators. Data from the Antarctic Peninsula (not Australian territory) is also included, from 2001-02 onwards, based on the reports of Australian tour operators who operate on the Peninsula. Note that Australian operators typically carry fewer than 10% of the total number of tourists in the Peninsula region, so the data does not reflect the overall pressure on that region. Frequency: Collected/reported annually, based on austral summer season for tour activities. Measurement technique: Data collected via initial environmental impacts assessments (EIAs) provided by operators/owners and via post visit reports. These data can be collated as required. Data on tourist visits/activities are also collected by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO), although this information is predominantly about operators who are members of IAATO. Australia must provide information on private vessel activities in the Antarctic Treaty Area as part of Antarctic Treaty reporting obligations. Information from operators is also sought, and provided in the EIAs, on the type of operation and tourist activities and measures taken to minimise environmental impacts, e.g. oil spills contingencies. RESEARCH ISSUES Several issues are of concern with regard to increased tourism activity in the Antarctic region. The potential for cumulative impacts needs to be explored and methods developed to identify and quantify impacts at specific sites. Increased tourist and ship activity has the potential to cause pollution. Implications for increased pollutant loads in Antarctic ecosystems need to be addressed and acceptable levels of pollutants need to be identified. The introduction of exotic pests and/or diseases due to tourist activities has the potential to considerably affect Antarctic ecosystems. Work needs to be done to assess introductions that may occur and that have already occurred, and the impacts of these introductions.

Personnel: B.A.Murphy (1985), I.P.Kaczerepa (1984-85), R.A.Sheridan (1984-85, 1985-86), E.W.MacGibbon. The primary aim of the 1984-85 summer surveying program was to continue with the establishment of the vertical control network on Long, Broad and Mule Peninsulas which would enable periodic and accurate monitoring of water level fluctuations of specified fresh and saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills. Other work completed included Davis magnetic and gravity stations, Department of Housing and Construction site surveys, coordination of RAN Miniranger sites, deployment of tide gauges and horizontal control station surveys. During the 1985-86 summer survey program two major tasks were to be undertaken. The first was to complete loop closures of vertical control networks on Long, Broad and Mule Peninsulas and the second to coordinate Dr Gallagher's long/cross section origin points along the length of Ellis Fjord. Miscellaneous other survey tasks were also carried out including deployment of a tide gauge.

The geomorphology was digitised using contours derived from the DEM created by Dr. R. Beaman from James Cook University for Geoscience Australia. The data, the metadata record and the report related to the creation of that DEM are available on the Geoscience Australia website: Name of data set: Kerguelen Plateau Bathymetric Grid 2010 Catalogue number: 71552 https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search?node=srv#/metadata/a05f7893-007f-7506-e044-00144fdd4fa6 Digitising: It must be stressed that neither seismic data, sea floor sediments, nor sea floor biota were used to determine the sea floor geomorphology. The description on how the geomorphology was derived is described in the attached report. The features described as slopes from the 900m to 1300m isobaths and from the 1300m to 2500m isobaths were identified for fisheries purposes and not geomorphology purposes. A geomorphologist may combine these slopes into a single feature. Some of the larger shallow features identified as banks may more properly be identified as plateaus. It would require a more in depth analysis of the DEM, slopes and sediments to accurately identify the feature as a bank or plateau.

Taken from sections of the report: Introduction This report details the survey work carried out on Voyage 4 during November and December 1998 by LANDINFO on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division's MAGIP Field Program. The principle aim of this work was to acquire aerial photography of penguin rookeries near Australia's three Antarctic Stations and to carry out survey work associated with the Antarctic Tide Gauge Network. A number of other tasks were also carried out. This report details each task carried out and the results achieved. The following people carried out the survey work: Richard Lemon LANDINFO Pty Ltd Roger Handsworth Antarctic Division Instrument Engineer This report covers the fieldwork associated with the MAGIP Field Program. Some non survey aspects of the tide gauge work will be the subject of a separate report to be submitted by Roger Handsworth. Time Frame The survey party departed Hobart at 5:15pm on Thursday 29th October 1998 aboard the Aurora Australis on Voyage 4 of the 1998-99 summer season. The survey party arrived at Casey Station via helicopter from the Aurora Australis just before 12pm (UTC+8) on Saturday 7th November. After spending a period of about 25 hours at Casey the survey team returned to the Aurora Australis at about 1pm on Sunday 8th November 1998. The Aurora Australis arrived off Davis Station on the morning of Wednesday 18th November 1998. The survey party had access to the station from about 2.30pm (UTC+7) the same day. The survey team had four full days in which to carry out its tasks at Davis. The Aurora Australis left Davis on the morning of Sunday 22nd November on route to Sansom Island. The survey party returned to the Aurora Australis by helicopter at about 7:30pm on Sunday 22nd November. The survey party was flown to Sansom Island at about 9:30am on Monday 23rd November and returned to the Aurora Australis at about 3:30pm the same day. Due to problems with Aurora Australis' propeller pitch control, the survey party was flown to Mawson Station by long range helicopter on Wednesday 2nd December and arrived at about 8:30am (UTC+6). The survey team had eight full days at Mawson station before departing for the Ship on Thursday 10th December at about 11am. The Aurora Australis returned to Fremantle at about 11am Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Monday 28th December 1998. Project Outline The Antarctic Division's Brief, which outlines the details of the program, is included in Appendix A. The program of work was divided into four specific sites, Casey, Davis, Mawson and Sansom Island. The work at each of the Antarctic stations was divided into two main areas of interest. These being the aerial photography of the penguin rookeries using the Linhof camera and survey work associated with the tide gauges and tide gauge bench marks. The work at Sansom Island involved the coordination of photo control points. A list of the individual tasks and a summary of the achievements can be found at Appendix B.

Geoscience Australia surveyors Bart Thomas and Ryan Ruddick travelled to Macquarie Island on the Australian Antarctic Division's voyage VMI in November/December 2016. Survey work for a number of Australian Antarctic projects was undertaken at the station on Macquarie Island. Project 4092 - Geoscience Australia geodetic and geophysical monitoring program: - Upgrade and modernise the GNSS equipment. - Undertake a local monitoring survey of the GNSS equipment. Project 5067 – Tide Gauges: - Validate tide gauge reference marks on station and at tide gauge. Project 5092 – Modernisation and Infrastructure: - Survey the pits and lights between the ANARESAT dome and the fire hydrant. - Spot heights along the isthmus. - Survey the corners of the spa and sauna building and Riometer. Project 4036 – Remediation of petroleum contaminants in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic: - Provide heights on Piezo Tubes.