Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 545 See the link below for public details on this project. From the abstract of the referenced paper: Blood was collected for haematological, red cell enzyme and red cell metabolic intermediate studies from 20 Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina. Mean haematological values were: haemoglobin (Hb) 22.4 plus or minus 1.4 g/dl, packed cell volume (PCV) 54.2 plus or minus 3.8%, mean cell volume (MCV) 213 plus or minus 5 fl and red cell count (RCC) 2.5 x 10 to power 12 / l. Red cell morphology was unremarkable. Most of the red cell enzymes showed low activity in comparison with human red cells. Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed a typical pinniped pattern, ie two major components. Total leucocyte counts, platelet counts, and coagulation studies were within expected mammalian limits. Eosinophil counts varied from 0.5 x 10 to power 9 / l (5%-49%), and there was a very wide variation in erythrocyte sedimentation rates, from 3 to 60mm/h.

The RAN Australian Hydrographic Service conducted hydrographic survey HI176 at Macquarie Island in December 1993. The main survey area was adjacent to the north-east coast between North Head and The Nuggets. Survey lines were also followed part way down the west coast of the island and in the vicinity of Judge and Clerk Islets and Bishop and Clerk Islets. The survey dataset, which includes metadata, was provided to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre by the Australian Hydrographic Office and is available for download from a Related URL in this metadata record. The survey was lead by LT A.J.Withers. The data are not suitable for navigation.

The RAN Australian Hydrographic Service conducted hydrographic survey HI242 at Macquarie Island in November and December 1996. The main survey areas were Buckles Bay and Hasselborough Bay. Survey lines were also followed from Elliott Reef down the west coast to Langdon Bay and down the east coast to Buckles Bay. The survey dataset, which includes metadata, was provided to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre by the Australian Hydrographic Office and is available for download from a Related URL in this metadata record. The survey was lead by LT M.A.R.Matthews. The data are not suitable for navigation.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2212 See the link below for public details on this project. From the abstracts of two of the references: ---------- Ocean Drilling Program hole 504B revealed an ocean crust hydrothermal sulphur anomaly on the dyke-lava transition, with implications for global sulphur sinks. Here we confirm the presence of the anomaly sporadically along 7.5km of dyke-basalt contact on the Macquarie Ridge at Macquarie Island, a 39-9.7 Ma slow-spreading setting. Background contact-zone pyrite S contents average 1845 ppm across ~50 m. However zones of small-scale brittle faulting that commonly occur on and above the dyke-basalt contact average between 5000 and 11000 ppm S (20-30 m widths). These consist of steep ridge-parallel faults and fault splays on the contact, overlain by up to 50m of linked pyritic fault trellis. The contact zone faults are haloed by disseminated pyrite-chlorite, cross-cut by quartz-chlorite-sphalerite and epidote-cemented breccias, containing evidence of turbulent flow. The structural control on sulphur deposition is attributed to the active extensional slow spreading setting. With increasing extension, diffuse mixing across the contact was replaced by channelised flow and dynamic mixing in fault arrays. The magnitude of the dyke-lava transition sulphur sink must be reassessed to take account of this heterogeneity. ---------- There are only a handful of known hydrothermal sulfate occurrences from the mid-ocean ridge crust sub-surface, despite predictions that they should be common because of the imbalance between sulfur concentrations in venting MOR hotsprings, and that of recharging seawater. This deficit indicates that sub-surface sulfate deposition could be a globally important sulfur cycle sink. Therefore any new occurrences add considerably to the information base on sulfate in this environment. An important hydrothermal sulfate occurrence is preserved in ~10 Ma MOR crust on the east coast of Macquarie Island, formed during very slow oblique spreading prior to transition to a magmatic strike-slip plate boundary. The sulfate occurs mainly as white gypsum veins and breccia cement associated with a major fault zone 400m south of Nuggets Point. The site is in the amphibolite facies sheeted dyke and gabbro screen hanging wall of a major northwest-trending graben, itself filled with sub-ziolite facies basaltic breccias and lava flows. The sulfate veins occur as several 2-5m wide vein complexes, with surrounding vein networks over several hundred metres. Veins are strongly associated with oblique-sinistral jogs on a N to NNE-trending fault zone, here termed the Nuggets fault. This fault is intruded by thin, weakly metamorphosed, vesicular sheeted dykes (forming a greater than 30m wide zone) interpreted to have developed contemporaneously with the nearby graben, Gypsum is mainly in the amphibolite facies rocks and the younger dykes, but also occurs as thin gape-fill in dykes of the younger volcanic graben. These field relations indicte that the sulfate veins were emplaced contemporaneously with graben formation and infill, approximately 200m below the sea floor. The host fault zone is contiguous with mapped graben offsets, and is interpreted as an oblique transfer fault. Secondary epidote and quartz-chalcopyrite veining, together with subsequent chlorite-pyrite alteration, predate sulfate, and suggest early hydrothermal upflow conditions. These are cut by vein complexes which display anhydrite relics within foliated gypsum plus or minus pyrite veins surrounded by marginal vein networks of zeolite-gypsum-calcite. These assemblages require central temperatures of greater than 150 degrees C, with a rapid gradation in outer veins to cooler conditions, perhaps less than 100 degrees C. These features imply general cooler recharge conditions; our previous work has shown that this involved a complex history of sub-surface microbial interaction. These field and mineralogical relations provide one predictive tectonic context for the deposition and style of hydrothermal sulfate in extending MOR crust. Sulfate fluid is strongly fault channeled, and rather than occurring in graben boundary faults, deposits precipitates preferentially in transfer faults under-going limited magmatic activity on the graben edge. A description of the fields in this dataset: m from start: metres measured over the ground between sample points. Easting mE, and Northing mE: estimated position relative to the AMG grid used in the 1;10000 mapping series, Mineral Resources Tasmania, using a horizontal datum of WGS 1984. Map date of production, August 1997.

The AADC (Australian Antarctic Data Centre) is in the process of converting all internally held spatial datasets to the ITRF2000 horizontal datum. This consolidated dataset consists of surveys HI623_alatB_gg, HI625_alatB_GG, HI632_alat_B_gg, HI632_alat_C_gg, LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029052_op, LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029053_op, LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029054_op converted to ITRF2000 horizontal datum with Z conversion values for multiple height datums. The data was provided to the AAD by Paul Digney of Jacobs consulting in March 2021. Included survey datasets: • HI623_alatB_gg • HI625_alatB_GG • HI632_alat_B_gg • HI632_alat_C_gg • LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029052_op • LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029053_op • LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029054_op All data are in horizontal datum ITRF2000 and have been combined into a single ESRI geodatabase feature class titled AHS_Surveys_Macca_ITRF2000. Attribute data shows quality information, conversion factors (shift in metres) for multiple datums and the MSL orthometric height: Column Name Alias Meaning Easting Easting Easting ITRF2000 Northing Northing Northing ITRF2000 LAT_to_GRS LAT_to_GRS LAT (Chart Datum) to GSR80 LAT_to_Mac LAT_to_Mac LAT to Macca MSL Z_To_GRS80 Z_To_GRS80 Height to the Ellipsoid Z_To_Macca Z_To_Macca Local MSL orthometric height Vertical_U Vertical_U How good is the Vertical Position Horizontal Horizontal How good is the Horizontal Position Uncertaint Uncertaint Uncertainty Comments Depth_Comm Depth_Comments Vertical uncertainty ranges from 0.5 to 1.2 m and horizontal uncertainty ranges from 2 to 5.5 m. Null values indicate unknown uncertainty. See the attached document ‘Metadata_Record_Macqaurie Island Final.xlsx’ for further details.

Because of the inaccessibility of the deep-ocean floor, our knowledge about the composition and structure of the oceanic crust is very limited. Macquarie Island is the only fragment of ocean crust exposed above sea-level in the world, providing a unique opportunity to study the ocean crust directly in unprecedented detail. From the abstract of the referenced paper: Macquarie Island preserves largely in-situ Miocene oceanic crust and mantle formed at a slow-spreading ridge. The crustal section on the island does not conform to a simple 'layer cake pseudo-stratigraphy', but is the result of multiple magmatic episodes. Macquarie Island crust did not grow by top-down cooling, but rather from the base up. Peridotites cooled first and formed the basement into which gabbro plutons were intruded. This was followed by cooling and deformation, and by intrusion of dykes that fed a sheeted dyke-basalt complex. Finally, lava filled grabens were formed. These relative age relations rule out simple co-genetic relations between rock units.

This dataset contains sporadic shore based observations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) from Macquarie Island from 1989 to 1998 (inclusive). The following data are included in the dataset: Date and time of observation (Australian Eastern Standard Time) The name of the observer The location of the observation (the beach or bay from which the observation was made). The latitude and longitude of the sighted animal (WGS84). The sex of the animal (M=Male, F=Female) (where available). Lifestage of the animal (where available). The observed individual count. Extra notes relating to the observation.

On every voyage of the Aurora Australis, approximately 50 onboard sensors collect data on average every 10 seconds. These data are known as the underway datasets. The type of data collected include water and air temperature, wind speeds, ship speed and location, humidity, fluorescence, salinity and so on. For the full list of available data types, see the website. These data are broadcast "live" (every 30 minutes) back to Australia and are available via the Australian Oceanographic Data Centre's portal (see the provided link). Once the ship returns to port, the data are then transferred to Australian Antarctic Division servers where they are then made available via the Marine Science Data Search system (see the provided URL). This dataset contains the underway data collected during Voyage 5 of the Aurora Australis Voyage in the 2009/10 season. Voyage Objectives: Macquarie Island resupply and personnel change-over. Voyage Leader: Andy Cianchi Deputy Voyage Leader: Mick Stapleton Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section).

On every voyage of the Aurora Australis, approximately 50 onboard sensors collect data on average every 10 seconds. These data are known as the underway datasets. The type of data collected include water and air temperature, wind speeds, ship speed and location, humidity, fluorescence, salinity and so on. For the full list of available data types, see the website. These data are broadcast "live" (every 30 minutes) back to Australia and are available via the Australian Oceanographic Data Centre's portal (see the provided link). Once the ship returns to port, the data are then transferred to Australian Antarctic Division servers where they are then made available via the Marine Science Data Search system (see the provided URL). This dataset contains the underway data collected during Voyage 4 of the Aurora Australis Voyage in the 2017/18 season. Purpose of voyage: Macquarie Island over water resupply and refuel, personnel deployment/retrieval and approved project support. Voyage Leader: Mr Andy Cianchi Deputy Voyage Leader: Mr Justin Hallock Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section).

The only work that went ahead as part of this ASAC project was to look at Penguins restraint and stress level (see the referenced paper below). From the paper: During most research on penguins it is necessary to temporarily immobilise the birds at some time (to weigh, mark, or attach instruments). Although many penguin species seem unconcerned about a human's presence, a single approaching person has been shown to increase the birds heart rate, suggesting that the animal is aware and may be stressed. Corticosterone is one of the hormones regulating the stress reaction in birds, and in turn regulates that stress caused by immobilisation. As captured and bag restrained Adelie penguins show a three fold increase in heart rate, we can presume that this is a very stressful immobilisation technique. Restricting the stress reaction is particularly important during the breeding season to avoid nest desertion, or loss of eggs and chicks. The subject of this paper is to present a less stressful method for restraining penguins. 38 mature, male Gentoo penguins in good physical condition were used to test bag restraint methods. Resting animals were caught on the Macquarie Island Isthmus. 59 animals were used to test the effect of hood restraint methods. There was a significant increase in corticosterone concentrations in the blood of bag restrained penguins within 10 minutes of restraint. Between 10 and 15 minutes, further changes were not significant. After 20 minutes, however, there was a second significant increase, when compared to the levels at 15 minutes. Upon release all birds were unconscious; they then showed symptoms of hysteria, such as disorientation and shaking of the head. Corticosterone levels in the blood of hooded penguins rose significantly after 5 minutes. After 10 minutes, the mean concentration showed a tendency to decrease, when compared to the 5 minute levels. This, however, did not differ significantly to concentrations immediately after restraint. After 20 minutes concentrations rose again, and were again significantly higher than at the same time of restraint and after 15 minutes. Both groups showed the same levels of corticosterone upon restraint. Hood restraint led overall to a lower increase in corticosterone levels than restraint with a bag. After 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, statistically significant lower levels in the blood were detected in hood restrained birds. The penguin's reaction to both restraint methods was identical in two respects: There was no significant increase in corticsterone concentration between 10 and 15 minutes. Secondly, concentrations were significantly higher after 20 minutes than at 15 minutes.