CTD casts were taken through holes in the ice floe at various locations during ice stations 3, 4, 6 and 7. Two Seabird 37M microcats were used. One microcat did not log time, whereas the other did. An Idronaut Ocean Seven 304 CTD (manufactured in Italy) was used during ice stations 7 and 8. CSV files are provided. A single file represents a set of casts at a single location. The files are organised in columns as: Column 1: Temperature (C) Column 2: Conductivity Column 3: Pressure Column 4: Salinity (ppt) Column 5: Date (DD MMM YYYY), UTC Column 6: Time (HH:MM:SS), UTC For the Seabird 37M (2006 model) belonging to Dr Hutchings, time on the microcat is set to UTC, to the second. For the AWI Seabird 37M (1999 model), time is not output. This microcat dribbled data to a laptop at 1Hz. Ice Station 3: A microcat was placed at about 7m below the surface (5m below the ice) at Ridge site 1. Salinity sensor was iced up on this cast Ice Station 4: Cast 1: 100m cast through the ROV hole on Oct 6th 10:30 UTC. Cast 2: 10m cast at the trace gas site, on Oct 8th 06 UTC. Cast 3: 100m cast at the trace gas site, on Oct 8th 09:30 UTC. Ice Station 6: Cast 1: 100m at ridge site 1 , on Oct 13th 03 UTC. Cast 2: 10m casts at Trace Gas site, on Oct 13th 04:30 UTC. F Note that salinity sensor was iced on 10m cast at trace gas site. Cast 3: Deployment at 7m depth at ridge site 1, on Oct 13th 06UTC. Cast 4: 100m cast at ridge site 1, on Oct 14th 23 UTC. Note that microcat stopped recording at about 65m in downcast. Ice Station 7: - CTD casts with Seabird 37M microcat: Cast 1: 100m cast, Transducer Hole A, at active ridge. 20th Oct 03:00Z. Power failed 60m into downcast. Cast 2: 30m cast, Y-axis 50m core hole. 20th Oct 05:15Z Cast 3: 40m cast followed by 100m cast. Y-axis 100m ADCP hole. 21st Oct 00:00Z. Power failed at 60m. Cast 4: 15m casts. Y-axis 50m core hole. 21st Oct 05:15Z Cast 5: ROV Hole. With Polly's pinger. 21 Oct 09:30Z. Power failure at 86m. - CTD casts with Gerhard Dieckman's Seabird microcat. Note this microcat does not output time, but dribbles 1Hz data. Cast 6: Transponder Hole near new ridge. 23rd Oct 06:30Z. Cast 7: Trace Metal / Bio site. 23rd Oct 07:30Z. Cast 8: At ROV Hole Ice Station 8: Synoptic (3 hourly) CTD casts Roster of CTD casts is contained in file 'CTD_time.xls'. This table is pasted below. Please note that the names of excel files containing the raw data are presented in this table. Filenames: Ice Station 3: Filename: 20121004/20121004_IceStation3_microcat_all.dat. Ice Station 4: Cast 1: Filename: 20121006_IceStation4_microcat_cast1.dat Cast 2: Filename: 20121008_IceStation4_microcat_cast2_gerhard.dat Cast 3: Filename: 20121008_IceStation4_microcat_cast3_gerhard.dat Ice Station 6: Cast 1: Filename: 20121013_IceStation6_microcat_cast1_ridge.dat Cast 2: Filename: 20121013_IceStation6_microcat_cast2_gerhard.dat Cast 3: Filename: 20121013_IceStation6_gerhardCat_ridge_052700.dat Cast 4: Filename: 20121014_IceStation6_microcat_ridge.dat Ice Station 7: CTD casts with Seabird 37M microcat: Cast 1: Filename: 20121020_IceStation7_microcat_transponder_newRidge.dat Cast 2: Filename: 20121020_IceStation7_microcat_50m.dat Cast 3: Filename: 20121021_Station7_100m.dat Cast 4: Filename: 20121021_Station7_50m.dat Cast 5: Filename: 20121021_Station7_ROVhole_plusPolly2_tryagain.dat CTD casts with the AWI Seabird microcat: Cast 6: Filename: 20121023_gerhardCat.dat Cast 7: Filename: 20121023_gerhardCat_hole2.dat Cast 8: Filename: CTD_jenny_20121023.xls Ice Station 8: Synoptic (3 hourly) CTD casts: The data files are: CTD_jenny_20121023.xls CTD_jenny_20121028.xls CTD_jenny_20121030.xls CTD_jenny_20121031.xls CTD_jenny_20121101(1).xls CTD_jenny_20121101(2).xls CTD_jenny_20121102.xls CTD_jenny_20121103.xls CTD_jenny_20121104.xls

Observations of the sea ice cover at Wilkes base in Autumn-Winter 1963. Includes water temperature, air temperature, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, relative humidity, and general notes. These documents have been archived at the Australian Antarctic Division.

A 600KHz Teledyne RDI Workhorse Sentinel ADCP was deployed through a 10inch auger hole, flush with the base of the ice, looking downwards. At ice stations 2, 3, and 4 the deployment locations was Ridge site 1, the ridge site closest to the ship. At ice station 7 there were 4 different deployment locations: - Transducer Hole A, by active ridge on 6th October 2012; - Trace Metal / Bio Site; - 100m Core site of ice-physics transect; - Transducer Hole A, re-drilled on 7th October 2012. Length of deployment varies from stations to station and was limited by AUV operations, when our ADCP was switched off. Files contain the data collected in raw format. This format can be read by Teledyne WinSC software. Data files are stored in folders by ice station (see below).

Environmental descriptors that are available for the study area (-180 degrees W/+180 degrees E; -45 degrees/-78 degrees S) and for the following periods: 1955-1964, 1965-1974, 1975-1984, 1985-1994, 1995-2012. They were compiled from different sources and transformed to the same grid resolution of 0.1 degree pixel. We also provide future projections for environmental descriptors established based on the Bio-Orable database (Tyberghein et al. 2012). They come from IPCC scenarii (B1, AIB, A2) for years 2100 and 2200 (IPCC, 4th report).

We set out to achieve floe-scale 3-D mapping of sea ice draft and bio-optical parameters using a Multibeam SONAR and Hyperspectral radiometer mounted to an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The AUV utilised was the 'JAGUAR' Seabed-class vehicle from the Deep Submergence Laboratory at the WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution. The AUV comes with a CTD and ADCP. However these are not deployed as scientific sensors and therefore are unsupported in terms of metadata. In particular the CTD was not calibrated before or during the voyage. The AUV used a LongBaseLine system formed by three transponders to navigate to and from the survey grid. Two were located on the ice and the third was deployed from the back of the ship with an acoustic communications modem. Once at the survey grid beneath the sea ice, the AUV used the DVL to navigate using bottom-tracking of the underside of the sea ice. We conducted 4 missions beneath sea-ice during the SIPEX-II voyage. The current status of the data is that is in un-processed and unavailable until final processing is completed in 2013. Persons interested in the data should contact Dr Guy Williams directly for further information and preliminary figures relating to the AUV missions. The files currently in the archive are in raw form. Some preliminary data is provided for stations 2, 3, 4 and 6 as: floe-2-20120926.mat floe-3-20121003.mat floe-4-20121006.mat floe-6-20121013.mat These can be accessed using the Seabed_plot routines (MATLAB) in this folder. There is a readme file provided called what-is-this.txt Also included is the video footage taken from the AUV using a GoPro HD Hero. Video Codec: avc1 Resolution: 1920x1080 pixels Frame Rate: 29.970030 f/s Audio Codec: mp4a Audio Bitrate: 1536 kb/s Finally, plots of the data for ice stations 2,3,4 and 6 are included in the preliminary figures folder. The file names indicate which ice station the plots are from.

Although the floating sea ice surrounding the Antarctic damps ocean waves, they may still be detected hundreds of kilometres from the ice edge. Over this distance the waves leave an imprint of broken ice, which is susceptible to winds, currents, and lateral melting. The important omission of wave-ice interactions in ice/ocean models is now being addressed, which has prompted campaigns for experimental data. These exciting developments must be matched by innovative modelling techniques to create a true representation of the phenomenon that will enhance forecasting capabilities. This metadata record details laboratory wave basin experiments that were conducted to determine: (i) the wave induced motion of an isolated wooden floe; (ii) the proportion of wave energy transmitted by an array of 40 floes; and (iii) the proportion of wave energy transmitted by an array of 80 floes. Monochromatic incident waves were used, with different wave periods and wave amplitudes. The dataset provides: (i) response amplitude operators for the rigid-body motions of the isolated floe; and (ii) transmission coefficients for the multiple-floe arrays, extracted from raw experimental data using spectral methods. The dataset also contains codes required to produce theoretical predictions for comparison with the experimental data. The models are based on linear potential flow theory. These data models were developed to be applicable to Southern Ocean conditions.

DC Electrical: In order to relate the fluid permeability to the electrical properties of sea ice, we also took measurements of the vertical component of the DC electrical conductivity tensor of sea ice. Cores extending to the bottom of an ice floe were taken and laid out holder. With the exception of sites 7 and 8 where we encountered a slush layer below the hard ice and could not core down to the ocean. The core bottom was determined at sites 7 and 8 to be the ice slush interface. Immediately upon extraction, holes that fit our thermistor probes were drilled every ten centimetres and a temperature profile was taken. Subsequently, slightly larger holes were drilled which fit our electrical probes (stainless steel nails). An AEMC Earth Resistivity Meter was then used to measure the resistance over 10 cm sections of the core (usually offset by 5 cm so that the measured temperature was in the centre of the section where electrical resistance was measured). The cores used in resistance measurements were taken very close to where the crystallographic cores were taken. In almost all cases the cores extracted for electrical measurements were also used for crystallographic analysis, so that there was an exact match of electrical properties with crystal structure. In such cases the DC electrical cores were then moved to a -20 degree C cold room for further processing immediately after measurements in the field. A thin vertical section, approximately 3mm thick, was taken from each of the cores stored for analysis. These sections were placed between a pair of cross polarized plates and photographed. Each photo was labelled with the core and date it was taken, and was photographed with a meter stick alongside for scale. After the thin sections were photographed, the remaining samples were melted to measure salinity. Some of the melted sea ice was saved for later O18 analysis to distinguish samples containing snow ice from those containing marine granular ice. The temperature and salinities we are then used to calculate brine volume fractions along the 10 cm sections of the core. The DC conductivity data collected can be found in the Electrical tab of the Master_Core_List.xls Excel file. The raw data can be found in the scans of our field note books located in the folder named notebooks. In the spread sheet the measured resistances of the 10 cm sections, temperatures, salinities and corresponding brine volume fractions are listed per core. For each core the supporting crystallography core number can be found in the crystallography column of the spread sheet. The photos of the crystallography cores can be found in the crystallography folder, separated into subfolders labelled with the site and core number, Each photo also contains a tag indicating the core number , site taken , date, and what depth range this covers. Tags may not contain a depth range for cores less than 1 meter. Please see the meter stick in each photo for scale.

Data were collected during deployments of an instrumented Remotely Operated Vehicle on 5 sampling days to determine sea ice physical properties and measure transmitted under-ice radiance spectra (combined with surface irradiance measurements) to estimate the spatial distribution and temporal development of ice algal biomass in land-fast sea ice. The ROV was instrumented with a navigation/positioning system (linked to surface GPS), upward-looking sonar and accurate depth sensor (Valeport 500 (to determine sea-ice draft)), and a upward-looking TriOS Ramses radiance sensor as well as several video-cameras collecting under-ice footage. Parallel measurements included surface irradiance measurements. A readme file in the download explains the folder structure of the dataset.

A Langrangian free drift model is developed, including a term for geostrophic currents that reproduces the 13 h period signature in the ice motion observed in the data (CLSC_WIIOS_2017; parent data). The calibrated model is shown to provide accurate predictions of the ice drift for up to 2 days, and the calibrated parameters provide estimates of wind and ocean drag for pancake floes under storm conditions. Model setup is described in "Drift of pancake ice floes in the winter Antarctic marginal ice zone during polar cyclones", Alberello et. al [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JC015418; pre-print https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.10839.pdf]. The dataset includes model data. Six model outputs are included. (i) "full_t00" includes the full 10 days simulation, with all the forcing switched on (ii) "noge_t00" includes the full 10 days simulation, but the geostrophic current is suppressed (iii) "full_t25_noup" includes the simulation with start at 2.5 days, all the forcing switched on, no update of the drag coefficients (iv) "full_t25_newn" includes the simulation with start at 2.5 days, all the forcing switched on, the drag coefficients are recalibrated (v) "full_t50_noup" includes the simulation with start at 5 days, all the forcing switched on, no update of the drag coefficients (vi) "full_t50_newn" includes the simulation with start at 5 days, all the forcing switched on, the drag coefficients are recalibrated In each file: - rho_a the air density (1.3 kg/m3) - rho_w the water density (1028 kg/m3) - rho_i the ice density (910kg/m3) - C_w the water drag coefficient (calibrated) - C_a the air drag coefficient (calibrated) - turn the turning angle (25 degrees) - Nansen the Nansen number evaluated using C_a and C_w - aalpha a model parameter (proportional to air and ice parameters) - abeta a model parameter (proportional to water and ice parameters) - ag amplitude of the geostrophic current (U_g=0.125m/s) - tg initial phase of the geostrophic current (in radians) - to start time (in matlab format, use "datestr(to)" ), after which model resolution is 60 seconds - wo components of wind in the East and North direction (m/s) - wi components of wind in the East and North direction (m/s) - uo components of modelled ice drift speed in the East and North direction (m/s) - lo longitude and latitude of modelled ice position (degrees) - xo position of modelled ice in the East and North direction (m), given with respect to the initial position (0,0) - wco components in the East and North direction of geostrophic current (m/s)

This dataset contains data relating to an experimental method in which sea-ice samples were measured in an S-band microwave waveguide. This was conducted as a part of the 2012 SIPEX 2 (Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystems EXperiment) marine science voyage. A specially designed waveguide apparatus was connected to an Agilent FieldFox Portable Network Analyzer. Small parallelopipeds (7 cm X 3 cm X 1.9 cm) of sea ice were cut with a hand saw in a specially designed jig which holds an initially cylindrical core. The samples were placed at the end of the waveguide, configured to measure the vertical component of the effective complex permittivity tensor, and microwaves of frequency 2.9 GHz were sent down the tube. The samples were sized precisely to fit snugly in the end of the waveguide in order to minimize spurious reflections. The FieldFox recorded the coefficients of the scattering matrix, from which the complex permittivity can be computed. Sample temperature was taken both before and immediately after insertion into the waveguide. In order to assess the presence of off-vertical components of the electromagnetic field and how they may affect the measurements, a second sample was prepared with an orthogonal orientation, adjacent to the first sample. The same microwave measurements were taken on the second sample, to be later correlated with those from the first sample. The samples were stored in the freezer for later crystallographic analysis, and subsequently melted for salinity measurements. Prior to melting the samples were measured using callipers to determine their dimensions precisely. Samples were measured along each face at their minimum and maximum point for their width in the direction of propagation. In most cases samples were measured in all dimensions for better error analysis. A thin vertical section, approximately 5mm thick, was taken from each microwave sample stored for analysis. These sections were placed between a pair of cross polarized plates and photographed. Photos of the crystallography cores can be found in the crystallography folder, in a sub folder titled microwave. Each photo also contains a tag indicating the core number, site taken, date, as well as a V or an H indicating whether the sample was used for measurement of the vertical (V) or off-vertical (H) response. The scattering parameters recorded by the Field Fox can be found in the Data folder. Each file is named according to the microwave core measurement it represents and whether the measurement was of the vertical (V) or off-vertical (H) response. Each contains a standard S11 scattering parameter, stored as a comma separated value (CSV) file. Raw data can be found in the raw folder, and data that has been processed for ease of Matlab import can be found in the Reformatted_for_matlab folder. This processing involves taking output data that by default has four entries in a single column vector and remapping the data to create a four column matrix, each with a single entry. Recorded values for each microwave sample can be found in the Master_Core_List.xls Excel spreadsheet, within the Microwave worksheet. This worksheet was generated directly from notebook data, and contains the date, core number, depth of interface between the two collected samples, the minimum, maximum, and average thickness along the axis of propagation, The recorded temperatures from before and after measurement, the salinity, and calculated brine volume fraction. Finally, the worksheet contains notes, and a column to indicate whether we believe this data is somehow bad. Measurement information for thicknesses along other axis than that of propagation can be found in notes, but this data may at some stage be incorporated into a separate column. Please see the notes section for reasons why a data point was determined invalid. Typically this was due to the corresponding sample breaking while cutting into the parallelepiped shape. Scans of the original notebooks containing measured salinity values, thicknesses, and temperatures from which the Permeability worksheet were created are provided in the notebooks directory.