Environmental descriptors that are available for the study area (-180 degrees W/+180 degrees E; -45 degrees/-78 degrees S) and for the following periods: 1955-1964, 1965-1974, 1975-1984, 1985-1994, 1995-2012. They were compiled from different sources and transformed to the same grid resolution of 0.1 degree pixel. We also provide future projections for environmental descriptors established based on the Bio-Orable database (Tyberghein et al. 2012). They come from IPCC scenarii (B1, AIB, A2) for years 2100 and 2200 (IPCC, 4th report).

These data were collected by 8 EM-APEX profiling floats, which are a sophisticated version of the standard Argo float. They measure temperature, salinity and pressure, as for standard Argo. They also use electromagnetic techniques to measure horizontal velocity. The floats were deployed across the northern Kerguelen Platueau in November 2008, and drifted eastward with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as they profiled between the surface and 1600 dbar. They transmitted data through the Iridium satellite system and continued to profile eastward until their batteries failed. The range of latitudes covered is approx. 40S-50S, and longitudes 65E-90E. Although most of the data is in the longitude band 65E-78E. The temporal range of the data is Nov 2008 to approx. Sep 2009. The file "emapex_final.mat" contains the quality-controlled and calibrated data from 8 EM-APEX profiling floats deployed across the northern Kerguelen Plateau during the Southern Ocean Finestructure (SOFine) experiment aboard the U.K. RRS James Cook, Cruise 29, 1st Nov-22nd Dec 2008, Cape Town to Cape Town. Funding for the EM-APEX component of the experiment was from the Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP0877098 (N. Bindoff, H. Phillips and S. Rintoul). The Australian Antarctic Division provided subantarctic clothing for Bindoff and Phillips under AAS project #3002 (H. Phillips and N. Bindoff). AAS project #3228 (N. Bindoff and H. Phillips) provided $27,000 for salary support for a research assistant to work on analysis of the data and publication of a manuscript. Significant in-kind support was provided by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research for the EM-APEX component. Details of the shipboard operations and deployment of the EM-APEX floats can be found in the document "emapex_deployment_report.pdf". The complete voyage report is available from h.e.phillips@utas.edu.au. It may be cited as Naveira Garabato, A.; Bindoff, N.; Phillips, H.; Polzin, K.; Sloyan, B.; Stevens, D. and Waterman, S. RRS James Cook Cruise 29, 01 Nov - 22 Dec 2008. SOFine Cruise Report: Southern Ocean Finestructure National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, 2009 See the download file for more information, which contains a data report and a data description file as well as the data.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 829 See the link below for public details on this project. From the abstract of one of the referenced papers: During the intensive field operations period (November 15 to December 14, 1995) of the First Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE 1) cold front activity was generally above average, resulting in below average temperatures, pressures, and rainfall. The principal cause was the presence for much of the experiment of a long wave trough. This trough was mobile, traversing the ACE area during the project, with some warm anomalies evident in teh areas under the influence of the long wave ridges. There is evidence of greater convective activity than normal, possibly leading to a slightly deeper than average mixing layer. A greater west to northwesterly component to the air flow than average during November appears to have led to higher than average concentrations of radon and particles in the clean, marine or 'baseline'; sector at Cape Grim (190 degrees to 280 degrees). This is likely to have resulted from inclusion of continental air from western parts of the Australian mainland in the baseline sector winds. Although aerosol-bound sulfur species were generally near their normal concentrations across the ACE 1 area, the overall pattern including atmospheric dimethylsulfide suggest slightly higher than usual sulfur species levels in the southern part of the region and lower concentrations in the northern part during November. This could be related to changes in marine biogenic productivity, air-sea exchange, or atmospheric removal. In December, the changing long wave pattern brought an increase in south and southwesterly flow over the entire region. The baseline sector became less affected by continental species, but it appears that the colder conditions brought by this pattern have led to lower than usual atmospheric concentrations of biogenic species, as the region went into one of the coldest summers on record.

This dataset is derived from sediment trap records collected by Thomas Trull as part of the multidisciplinary SAZ Project initiated in 1997 by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC) (Trull et al 2001b). The current submission provides data not included in Wilks et al. (submitted) 'Biogeochemical flux and phytoplankton assemblage variability: A unique year-long sediment trap record in the Australian Sector of the Subantarctic Zone.' This dataset contains three parts: Supplementary Table 1 describes sediment trap deployment information and current speed measured during deployment. Supplementary tables 2a and 2b are raw diatom counts of every species encountered at the site, at every sampling cup. Table 2a contains the 500 m trap depth record, while table 2b is for the 2000 m trap depth record. Supplementary table 3 contains environmental data (chlorophyll-a, photosynthetically active radiation, and sea surface temperature) for each cup record.

Environmental variables in the region of the Kerguelen Plateau compiled from different sources and provided in the ascii raster format. Mean surface and seafloor temperature, salinity and their respective amplitude data are available on the time coverage 1955-2012 and over five decades: 1955 to 1964, 1965 to 1974, 1975 to 1984, 1985 to 1994 and 1995 to 2012. N/A was set as the no data reference. Future projections are provided for several parameters: they were modified after the Bio-ORACLE database (Tyberghein et al. 2012). They are based on three IPCC scenarii (B1, AIB, A2) for years 2100 and 2200 (IPCC, 4th report).

Demersal fish form an important component of sub-Antarctic ecosystems. While understanding the distribution of key commercial species is the subject of much current research, patterns in the distribution of benthic fish assemblages as a whole and associated diversity has received less attention. Here we combine Australian (source: AAD Random Stratified Trawl Surveys) and French (source: POKER 2006, 2010, 2013) demersal fish datasets with synoptic environmental data to quantify and predict the distribution of fish assemblages across the Kerguelen Plateau. We achieve this by applying a recently developed method, called Regions of Common Profile (RCP), which quantifies distinct environmental regions containing a similar profile of species. The RCP method directly models species simultaneously (rather than dissimilarities or single species at a time) and offers advantages over previous methods in the areas of model diagnostics, the interpretability of model outputs, and providing estimates of uncertainty. We define the contents, environmental correlates and spatial extent of several assemblages across the plateau. The files provided here are the outputs of the RCP analyses. Files KP_RCP_Predictions.csv: Region of Common Profile (RCP) spatial predictions for entire Kerguelen Plateau. The resolution of the grid is 0.1 x 0.1 degrees (Long, Lat, WGS84) and predictions were restricted to depths shallower than 1200 m. The probability of each grid cell belonging to each RCP is reported (RCP_1 - RCP_7) as well as the most likely RCP (HClass) and the most likely RCP's probability of occurrence (HClass_prob) RCP_Species_Composition_Average.xls: Average (standard deviation) of probability of occurrence for each species in each RCP. Statistics calculated by taking 500 bootstrap samples of model parameters, generating expected probability of occurrences for each species in each RCP for each level of the sampling factor Year/Season/Gear and summarising over the 3500 (7 levels of sampling effect x 500 bootstraps) values. RCP_Species_Composition_SampEff.xls: Average (Standard deviation) probability of occurrence of species for each RCP for each level of the sampling factor (Year/Season/Gear). Marginal_env_plots (Folder): Marginal plots of the response of each RCP to depth (m), chl-a yearly mean (mg/m3) and surface temperature yearly mean (degrees Celsius). Plots were generated by predicting RCP membership for each trawl site based on its environmental covariates only and plotting. Interactive maps showing the predicted spatial distribution of the RCP groups, as well as the species profile and environmental conditions characterising each group, and the coverage of the HIMI Marine reserve can be found at doi: 10.4225/15/58169d06ee8fc. Contains the above results in an interactive map with the following layers: 1) Assemblage maps: Species Profile: Map of the most likely RCP group. The pop up graphic shows pictures of the four most likely species to occur in this assemblage as well as the expected occurrence of all species (the species profile). 2) Assemblage maps: Environment Characteristics: Map of the most likely RCP group. The pop up graphic shows the response of each assemblage to depth, surface temperature yearly mean and chl-a yearly mean. These inform us of the environmental characteristics of each RCP group. Plots were generated by predicting RCP group membership for each trawl site based only on its environmental covariates. 3) Group Membership: Map of the most likely RCP group and the uncertainty associated with this group. 4) HIMI Reserve Coverage: Location of Heard and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve with pop-up table of the proportion of each RCP group contained within the reserve. Proportion calculated within the Australian EEZ only.

This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage V3 2006/07 (SAZ-SENSE). Voyage name : Sub-Antarctic Zone - Sensitivity to Environmental Change Voyage leader: Vicki Lytle Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section). Calibrated data from this voyage are also available for download at the provided URL. Taken from the provided "readme" as part of the download file: The underway data files contain data logged by the Aurora Australis data logging system, including met data, bathymetry, GPS, and sea surface salinity and temp. The data have been quality controlled. Underway data are the property of the Australian Antarctic Division (except for underway salinity). The files are: sazsenseora.txt = column format ascii file sazsenseora.mat = matlab format

This dataset contains the underway data from Voyage 4 1990-91 of the Aurora Australis. This was a resupply voyage, with hydroacoustic gear being tested. DLS data were logged on raw tapes only and are not available online. The observations were taken in November 1990 en route from Hobart to Mawson to Davis and back to Hobart.

From the parent record held in the GCMD: The data sets in the CDC archive called "Reynolds SST' and "Reconstructed Reynolds SST" were discontinued on 1 April 2003. A new OI SST data set is available as described here, which includes a new analysis for the historical data and updates into the future. NCEP will not provide new data for the "Reynolds SST" after December 2002 and CDC will remove the "Reynolds SST" data set on 1 April 2003. TO SEE THE NEW DATASET, PLEASE SEARCH THE GLOBAL CHANGE MASTER DIRECTORY FOR MORE INFORMATION. REFER TO THE METADATA RECORD (LINKED BELOW): REYNOLDS_SST ############# This metadata record is a modified child record of an original parent record registered at the Global Change Master Directory. (The Entry ID of the parent record is REYNOLDS_SST, and can be found on the GCMD website - see the provided URL). The data described here are a subset of the original dataset. This metadata record has been created for the express use of Australian Government Antarctic Division employees. Reproduced from: http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/cmb/sst_analysis/ Analysis Description and Recent Reanalysis The optimum interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) analysis is produced weekly on a one-degree grid. The analysis uses in situ and satellite SSTs plus SSTs simulated by sea ice cover. Before the analysis is computed, the satellite data are adjusted for biases using the method of Reynolds (1988) and Reynolds and Marsico (1993). A description of the OI analysis can be found in Reynolds and Smith (1994). The bias correction improves the large scale accuracy of the OI. In November 2001, the OI fields were recomputed for late 1981 onward. The new version will be referred to as OI.v2. The most significant change for the OI.v2 is the improved simulation of SST obs from sea ice data following a technique developed at the UK Met Office. This change has reduced biases in the OI SST at higher latitudes. Also, the update and extension of COADS has provided us with improved ship data coverage through 1997, reducing the residual satellite biases in otherwise data sparse regions. The data are available in the following formats: Net CDF Flat binary files Text

This dataset contains the underway data from Voyage 4 1994-95 (WOCET) of the Aurora Australis. This was a manned marine science cruise. DLS and NoQalms data types were logged at 10-second intervals. CTD and XBT data were also obtained on a run from Hobart to the ice edge along the WOCE SR3 line, then to Casey, and back to Hobart, between December 1994 and February 1995. The Programmer's and Data Quality Reports are available via the Related URL section.