These data were collected by 8 EM-APEX profiling floats, which are a sophisticated version of the standard Argo float. They measure temperature, salinity and pressure, as for standard Argo. They also use electromagnetic techniques to measure horizontal velocity. The floats were deployed across the northern Kerguelen Platueau in November 2008, and drifted eastward with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as they profiled between the surface and 1600 dbar. They transmitted data through the Iridium satellite system and continued to profile eastward until their batteries failed. The range of latitudes covered is approx. 40S-50S, and longitudes 65E-90E. Although most of the data is in the longitude band 65E-78E. The temporal range of the data is Nov 2008 to approx. Sep 2009. The file "emapex_final.mat" contains the quality-controlled and calibrated data from 8 EM-APEX profiling floats deployed across the northern Kerguelen Plateau during the Southern Ocean Finestructure (SOFine) experiment aboard the U.K. RRS James Cook, Cruise 29, 1st Nov-22nd Dec 2008, Cape Town to Cape Town. Funding for the EM-APEX component of the experiment was from the Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP0877098 (N. Bindoff, H. Phillips and S. Rintoul). The Australian Antarctic Division provided subantarctic clothing for Bindoff and Phillips under AAS project #3002 (H. Phillips and N. Bindoff). AAS project #3228 (N. Bindoff and H. Phillips) provided $27,000 for salary support for a research assistant to work on analysis of the data and publication of a manuscript. Significant in-kind support was provided by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research for the EM-APEX component. Details of the shipboard operations and deployment of the EM-APEX floats can be found in the document "emapex_deployment_report.pdf". The complete voyage report is available from h.e.phillips@utas.edu.au. It may be cited as Naveira Garabato, A.; Bindoff, N.; Phillips, H.; Polzin, K.; Sloyan, B.; Stevens, D. and Waterman, S. RRS James Cook Cruise 29, 01 Nov - 22 Dec 2008. SOFine Cruise Report: Southern Ocean Finestructure National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, 2009 See the download file for more information, which contains a data report and a data description file as well as the data.

Environmental descriptors that are available for the study area (-180 degrees W/+180 degrees E; -45 degrees/-78 degrees S) and for the following periods: 1955-1964, 1965-1974, 1975-1984, 1985-1994, 1995-2012. They were compiled from different sources and transformed to the same grid resolution of 0.1 degree pixel. We also provide future projections for environmental descriptors established based on the Bio-Orable database (Tyberghein et al. 2012). They come from IPCC scenarii (B1, AIB, A2) for years 2100 and 2200 (IPCC, 4th report).

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 829 See the link below for public details on this project. From the abstract of one of the referenced papers: During the intensive field operations period (November 15 to December 14, 1995) of the First Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE 1) cold front activity was generally above average, resulting in below average temperatures, pressures, and rainfall. The principal cause was the presence for much of the experiment of a long wave trough. This trough was mobile, traversing the ACE area during the project, with some warm anomalies evident in teh areas under the influence of the long wave ridges. There is evidence of greater convective activity than normal, possibly leading to a slightly deeper than average mixing layer. A greater west to northwesterly component to the air flow than average during November appears to have led to higher than average concentrations of radon and particles in the clean, marine or 'baseline'; sector at Cape Grim (190 degrees to 280 degrees). This is likely to have resulted from inclusion of continental air from western parts of the Australian mainland in the baseline sector winds. Although aerosol-bound sulfur species were generally near their normal concentrations across the ACE 1 area, the overall pattern including atmospheric dimethylsulfide suggest slightly higher than usual sulfur species levels in the southern part of the region and lower concentrations in the northern part during November. This could be related to changes in marine biogenic productivity, air-sea exchange, or atmospheric removal. In December, the changing long wave pattern brought an increase in south and southwesterly flow over the entire region. The baseline sector became less affected by continental species, but it appears that the colder conditions brought by this pattern have led to lower than usual atmospheric concentrations of biogenic species, as the region went into one of the coldest summers on record.

Environmental variables in the region of the Kerguelen Plateau compiled from different sources and provided in the ascii raster format. Mean surface and seafloor temperature, salinity and their respective amplitude data are available on the time coverage 1955-2012 and over five decades: 1955 to 1964, 1965 to 1974, 1975 to 1984, 1985 to 1994 and 1995 to 2012. N/A was set as the no data reference. Future projections are provided for several parameters: they were modified after the Bio-ORACLE database (Tyberghein et al. 2012). They are based on three IPCC scenarii (B1, AIB, A2) for years 2100 and 2200 (IPCC, 4th report).

This dataset is derived from sediment trap records collected by Thomas Trull as part of the multidisciplinary SAZ Project initiated in 1997 by the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC) (Trull et al 2001b). The current submission provides data not included in Wilks et al. (submitted) 'Biogeochemical flux and phytoplankton assemblage variability: A unique year-long sediment trap record in the Australian Sector of the Subantarctic Zone.' This dataset contains three parts: Supplementary Table 1 describes sediment trap deployment information and current speed measured during deployment. Supplementary tables 2a and 2b are raw diatom counts of every species encountered at the site, at every sampling cup. Table 2a contains the 500 m trap depth record, while table 2b is for the 2000 m trap depth record. Supplementary table 3 contains environmental data (chlorophyll-a, photosynthetically active radiation, and sea surface temperature) for each cup record.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2720 See the link below for public details on this project. The overall objective is to characterise Southern Ocean marine ecosystems, their influence on carbon dioxide exchange with the atmosphere and the deep ocean, and their sensitivity to past and future global change including climate warming, ocean stratification, and ocean ... acidification from anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In particular we plan to take advantage of naturally-occurring, persistent, zonal variations in Southern Ocean primary production and biomass in the Australian Sector to investigate the effects of iron addition from natural sources, and CO2 addition from anthropogenic sources, on Southern Ocean plankton communities of differing initial structure and composition. These samples were collected on the SAZ-SENSE scientific voyage of the Australian Antarctic Program (Voyage 3 of the Aurora Australis, 2006-2007 season). SAZ-SENSE VOYAGE AU0703 CTD DATA Oceanographic measurements were collected aboard Aurora Australis cruise au0703 (voyage 3 2006/2007, 17th January to 20th February 2007) as part of the "SAZ-SENSE" experiment south of Tasmania, between 43 degrees and 55 degrees south. A total of 109 CTD vertical profile stations were taken to various depths, focussing chiefly on the upper water column. Over 1300 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate, ammonia and nitrite), dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, particulate organic carbon/nitrogen/silicate, dissolved and particulate barium, thorium, dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, pigments, phytoplankton, bacteria, viruses, diatoms, amino acids, and other biological parameters (list incomplete), using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Near surface current profile data were collected by a ship mounted ADCP. Data from the array of ship's underway sensors are included in the data set. This report describes the processing/calibration of the CTD and ADCP data, and details the data quality. An offset correction is derived for the underway sea surface temperature and salinity data, by comparison with near surface CTD data.

This indicator is no longer maintained, and is considered OBSOLETE. INDICATOR DEFINITION The fecundity (pupping rates) of female fur seals and the growth rates of their pups relative to changes in sea surface temperatures (local primary production) in the vicinity of Macquarie Island. TYPE OF INDICATOR There are three types of indicators used in this report: 1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system; 2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system; 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system. This indicator is one of: CONDITION RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION A highly negative correlation has been detected between sea surface temperatures in the vicinity of Macquarie Island and fur seal fecundity and pup growth. A dataset of over ten years has shown that autumn sea-surface temperatures are highly negatively correlated with female fecundity in the following breeding season. Rather than the reproductive success in terms of fecundity and pup growth being seen simply as a correlate of SST and presumably ocean productivity, the measure is much more than this. What the dataset from the Macquarie Island fur seal populations is rather more unique, in that they indicate how environmental variability effects the reproductive success of animals at annual and lifetime scales. This is especially important as we can now show what impacts environmental/climatic phenomena such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave, and global warming will have on fur seals, and how changes in the environment may impact on the viability of populations. In this situation, the data clearly suggest that warmer ocean temperatures significantly effect the reproductive success of fur seals. Sustained warmer temperatures would therefore impose demographic constraints on populations. DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM Spatial scale: SST data are obtained from a 1 degree square just north of the island that represents the region in which most females obtain food throughout their lactation period. Frequency: Data on the reproductive success of fur seals is to be collected annually. Measurement technique: Each breeding season (November-January), the reproductive success of tagged females is monitored, including their pupping success, and the growth rates of their pups. RESEARCH ISSUES LINKS TO OTHER INDICATORS

From the parent record held in the GCMD: The data sets in the CDC archive called "Reynolds SST' and "Reconstructed Reynolds SST" were discontinued on 1 April 2003. A new OI SST data set is available as described here, which includes a new analysis for the historical data and updates into the future. NCEP will not provide new data for the "Reynolds SST" after December 2002 and CDC will remove the "Reynolds SST" data set on 1 April 2003. TO SEE THE NEW DATASET, PLEASE SEARCH THE GLOBAL CHANGE MASTER DIRECTORY FOR MORE INFORMATION. REFER TO THE METADATA RECORD (LINKED BELOW): REYNOLDS_SST ############# This metadata record is a modified child record of an original parent record registered at the Global Change Master Directory. (The Entry ID of the parent record is REYNOLDS_SST, and can be found on the GCMD website - see the provided URL). The data described here are a subset of the original dataset. This metadata record has been created for the express use of Australian Government Antarctic Division employees. Reproduced from: http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/cmb/sst_analysis/ Analysis Description and Recent Reanalysis The optimum interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) analysis is produced weekly on a one-degree grid. The analysis uses in situ and satellite SSTs plus SSTs simulated by sea ice cover. Before the analysis is computed, the satellite data are adjusted for biases using the method of Reynolds (1988) and Reynolds and Marsico (1993). A description of the OI analysis can be found in Reynolds and Smith (1994). The bias correction improves the large scale accuracy of the OI. In November 2001, the OI fields were recomputed for late 1981 onward. The new version will be referred to as OI.v2. The most significant change for the OI.v2 is the improved simulation of SST obs from sea ice data following a technique developed at the UK Met Office. This change has reduced biases in the OI SST at higher latitudes. Also, the update and extension of COADS has provided us with improved ship data coverage through 1997, reducing the residual satellite biases in otherwise data sparse regions. The data are available in the following formats: Net CDF Flat binary files Text

This dataset contains the underway data from Voyage 4 1994-95 (WOCET) of the Aurora Australis. This was a manned marine science cruise. DLS and NoQalms data types were logged at 10-second intervals. CTD and XBT data were also obtained on a run from Hobart to the ice edge along the WOCE SR3 line, then to Casey, and back to Hobart, between December 1994 and February 1995. The Programmer's and Data Quality Reports are available via the Related URL section.

This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage V3 2006/07 (SAZ-SENSE). Voyage name : Sub-Antarctic Zone - Sensitivity to Environmental Change Voyage leader: Vicki Lytle Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section). Calibrated data from this voyage are also available for download at the provided URL. Taken from the provided "readme" as part of the download file: The underway data files contain data logged by the Aurora Australis data logging system, including met data, bathymetry, GPS, and sea surface salinity and temp. The data have been quality controlled. Underway data are the property of the Australian Antarctic Division (except for underway salinity). The files are: sazsenseora.txt = column format ascii file sazsenseora.mat = matlab format