During the ADBEX III voyage, many samples were taken of the sea ice and snow. These samples were analysed to determine water density, with the results recorded in a physical note book that is archived at the Australian Antarctic Division. Logbook(s): - Glaciology ADBEX III Water Density Results - Glaciology ADBEX III Oxygen Isotope Sample Record

During 1977, many measurements were made of the sea temperature and salinity near Mawson base, taking the readings through the sea ice. Readings for each site were taken at depths that were multiples of 5, usually down to 100m (where possible). Measurements are recorded in log books, archived at the Australian Antarctic Division. Logbook(s): Glaciology Sea Ice Temperature and Salinity, Mawson 1977 Book 1 Glaciology Sea Ice Temperature and Salinity, Mawson 1977 Book 2 Glaciology Sea Ice Temperature and Salinity, Mawson 1977 Book 3

Water density and salinity readings from Davis during the under-ice diving program in 1982. The written logs are archived at the Australian Antarctic Division.

This dataset contains the underway data collected during the Aurora Australis Voyage V3 2006/07 (SAZ-SENSE). Voyage name : Sub-Antarctic Zone - Sensitivity to Environmental Change Voyage leader: Vicki Lytle Underway (meteorological) data are available online via the Australian Antarctic Division Data Centre web page (or via the Related URL section). Calibrated data from this voyage are also available for download at the provided URL. Taken from the provided "readme" as part of the download file: The underway data files contain data logged by the Aurora Australis data logging system, including met data, bathymetry, GPS, and sea surface salinity and temp. The data have been quality controlled. Underway data are the property of the Australian Antarctic Division (except for underway salinity). The files are: sazsenseora.txt = column format ascii file sazsenseora.mat = matlab format

This dataset contains CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) data obtained from the Krill and Rock (KROCK) 92/93 cruise of the Aurora Australis, during Jan - Mar 1993. 62 CTD casts were taken in the Prydz Bay region, as a supplement to the krill and geology research program. Casts were made about 200 m except for one off the shelf. This dataset is a subset of the whole cruise data. The fields in this dataset are: Pressure Temperature Sigma-T Salinity Geopotential Anomaly Specific volume Anomaly samples deviation conduction

Amery Ice Shelf AM04 borehole drilled mid-January 2006. Sub-shelf water profiling measurements conducted over a period of a few days. Partial video recording of borehole walls and sea floor benthos. Collection of targeted ice core samples. Sediment sample collected from sea floor. Long term monitoring instruments installed (thermistors in ice, 3 x CTD in ocean cavity). This is a parent record - see the child records for further information. This device stopped working by the 2011/2012 season, and all sensors were declared non-functional.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 1060 See the link below for public details on this project. Taken from the referenced publications: Sea ice exhibits a marked transition in its fluid transport properties at a critical brine volume fraction Pc of about 5 percent, or temperature Tc of about -5 degrees Celsius for salinity of 5 parts per thousand. For temperatures warmer than Tc brine carrying heat and nutrients can move through the ice, whereas for colder temperatures the ice is impermeable. This transition plays a key role in the geophysics, biology, and remote sensing of sea ice. Percolation theory can be used to understand this critical behaviour or transport in sea ice. The similarity of sea ice microstructure to compressed powders is used to theoretically predict Pc of about 5 percent. The snow cover on Antarctic sea ice often depresses the ice below sea level, allowing brine or seawater to infiltrate, or flood the snowpack. This significantly reduces the thermal insulation properties of the snow cover, and increases the ocean/atmosphere heat flux. The subsequent refreezing of this saturated snow or slush layer, to form snow-ice, can account for a significant percentage of the total ice mass in some regions. The extent of saturated snow cannot presently be estimated from satellite remote-sensing data and, because it is often hidden by a layer of dry snow, cannot be estimated from visual observations. Here, we use non-parametric statistics to combine sea-ice and snow thickness data from drillhole measurements with routine visual observations of snow and ice characteristics to estimate the extent of brine-infiltrated snow. During a field experiment in July 1994, while the R.V. Nathaniel B. Palmer was moored to a drifting ice floe in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, data were collected on the sea-ice and snow characteristics. We report on the evolution of ice which grew in a newly opened lead. As expected with the cold atmospheric conditions, congelation ice initially formed in the lead. Subsequent snow accumulation and large ocean heat fluxes resulted in melt at the base of the ice, and enhanced flooding of the snow on ice surface. This flooded snow subsequently froze, and, five days after the lead opened, all the congelation ice had melted and twenty-six centimetres of snow ice had formed. We use measured sea-ice and snow salinities, thickness and oxygen isotope values of the newly formed lead ice to calculate the salt flux to the ocean. Although there was a salt flux to the ocean as the ice initially grew, we calculate a small net fresh-water input to the upper ocean by the end of the 5 day period. Similar processes of basal melt and surface snow-ice formation also occurred on the surrounding, thicker sea ice. Oceanographic studies in this region of the Weddell Sea have shown that salt rejection by sea-ice formation may enhance the ocean vertical thermohaline circulation and release heat from the deeper ocean to melt the ice cover. This type of deep convection is thought to initiate the Weddell polynya, which was observed only during the 1970s. Our results, which show than an ice cover can form with no salt input to the ocean, provide a mechanism which may help explain the more recent absence of the Weddell polynya.

Amery Ice Shelf AM03 borehole drilled mid-December 2005. Sub-shelf water profiling measurements conducted over a period of a few days. Partial video recording of borehole walls and sea floor benthos. Sediment sample collected from sea floor. Long term monitoring instruments installed (thermistors in ice, 3 x CTD in ocean cavity). This is a parent record - see the child records for further information.

This dataset contains CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) data obtained from the Big ANtarctic Geological and Seismic Survey (BANGSS) 94/95 cruise of the Aurora Australis, during Feb - Apr 1995. 24 CTD casts were taken in the Prydz Bay region, as a supplement to the geology research program. This dataset is a subset of the whole cruise data. The fields in this dataset are: Pressure Temperature Sigma-T Salinity Geopotential ANomaly Specific volume Anomaly samples deviation conduction

Copies of the event logs/station lists taken from the Aurora Australis, Astrolabe and Umitaka Maru during their CEAMARC cruises (collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census).