Aerial photography (35mm film) of penguin colonies was acquired over the Steinnes Group (Eric Woehler). The penguin colonies were traced, then digitised (John Cox), and saved as DXF-files. Using the ArcView extension 'Register and Transform' (Tom Velthuis), The DXF-files were brought into a GIS and transformed to the appropriate islands.

This metadata record contains the results of bioassays conducted to characterise the response of Antarctic nearshore marine invertebrates to hydrocarbon contaminants in fuels commonly used in Antarctica. AAS Project 3054. The results of Season 2 and Season 3 amphipod tests are in this dataset. Ecotoxicological bioassays were conducted at Davis and Casey Stations in 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12 summer seasons to test the sensitivity of marine invertebrates to fuels in seawater. The three fuel types used in this project were: Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), Marine Gas Oil diesel (MGO) and an intermediate grade (180) of marine bunker Fuel Oil (IFO). Test treatments were obtained by experimentally mixing fuel and seawater in temperature control cabinets at -1 degrees C to prepare a mixture of fuel hydrocarbons in filtered seawater (FSW) termed the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF). WAF was produced by adding fuel to seawater in 5 L or 10 L Pyrex glass bottles using a ratio of 1:25 Fuel : FSW. This mixture was stirred at slow speed with minimal vortex for 18 h on a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was settled for 6 h before the water portion was drawn from beneath the fuel. This dataset contains the results of ecotoxicological bioassays with near-shore marine amphipod species exposed to WAFs of SAB WAF, MGO WAF and IFO WAF (specified above). Experimental treatments consisted of undiluted 100% WAF and dilutions of 10% and 1% of WAFs in FSW, to test the toxicity of water accommodated fractions of these three fuels on Antarctic marine invertebrates. The majority of experiments tested WAFs of each of the three fuels, although one tested SAB only due to limited supply of test organisms. Bioassays were conducted in open vessels (glass jars or beakers) in temperature controlled cabinets. Mortality and/or sub-lethal effects were observed at endpoints of 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 7 d, 8 d, 10 d, 12 d, 14 d, 16 d and 21 d. New WAF solutions were prepared at 4 d intervals to replenish the experimental treatments. Deionised water was added to test solutions as required to maintain test solution volume and salinity. Water quality data was collected at each water change. Hydrocarbon concentrations in WAFs were determined from replicate experiments to measure THC in WAFs over time (Dataset AAS_3054_THC_WAF). WAF exposure concentrations for each bioassay endpoint were derived from these hydrocarbon tests. An integrated concentration was calculated from measured hydrocarbon concentrations weighted to time. Calculations account for depletion of hydrocarbons from test treatments and any renewal of treatments. These integrated THC concentrations for endpoints from 24h to 21d are contained in dataset AAS_3054_THC_WAF_integ_conc_10_11_12. This dataset consists of Excel spreadsheets. The file name code for invertebrate bioassays is; Project number_Season_Taxa_Test name Eg AAS_3054_10_11_amphipod_2PWA1 Project number : AAS_3054 Season : 2010/11 season Taxa: amphipod Test name:2 for Season 2, PW for genus and species, A for adult, 1 for Test 1 Bioassay spreadsheets contain the results of bioassays for a species. Where replicate tests were conducted, each experiment is on a separate spreadsheet. The worksheet labelled "Test conditions" shows details of Test name, dates, animal collection details, laboratory holding conditions, details of water accommodated fractions (WAF), bioassay conditions, scoring criteria and water quality data. The worksheet labelled "Counts" has columns for Replicate number and columns with the Score for all the animals in that replicate at every time endpoint. A full description of the scoring criteria is on the "Test conditions" worksheet. Totals, means and standard deviations are calculated for each treatment. The worksheet labelled "Totals, means, percent, StDev" has calculations of Survival, Unaffected, including mean and standard deviation, Percent Survival and Unaffected including means and standard deviation. Also included is column for the Total number of moults in each treatment. During the research to obtain early life stages of invertebrates for experiments, the number of Paramoera walkeri amphipod neonates per female, the timing of their release from the brood pouch and their early growth rate were recorded. These data are also included in AAS_3054_10_11_PW_neonates Samples were collected from: Ellis Narrows, Vestfold Hills Airport Beach, Davis, Vestfold Hills Prydz Bay, Davis (Between Anchorage Island and Bluff Island) Bailey Peninsula, Windmill Islands

This data describes the cellular metal concentrations of Phaeocystis antarctica and Cryothecomonas armigera following exposure to metals singly and in mixtures in laboratory studies. Microalgae were cultured in 80 mL of filtered (less than 0.45 um) seawater and low concentrations of nutrients supplemented with metal stocks to give a range of single and mixture exposures to the metals cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. The cellular accumulation and partitioning are used to explain the metal's toxicity (cellular metal fractions are compared to the toxicity data provided in 10.4225/15/5ae93ff723ff8) and assess the risk bioaccumulation of metals to Antarctic marine microalgae may pose in the Southern Ocean food web.

Aerial photography (Linhof) of penguin colonies was acquired over the Holme Bay (Eric Woehler). The penguin colonies were traced, then digitised (John Cox), and saved as DXF-files. Using the ArcView extension 'Register and Transform' (Tom Velthuis), The DXF-files were brought into a GIS and transformed to the appropriate islands. Data conforms to SCAR Feature Catalogue which can be searched (refer to link below).

Aerial photography (Linhof) of penguin colonies was acquired over the Svenner Islands (Eric Woehler). The penguin colonies were traced, then digitised (John Cox), and saved as DXF-files. Using the ArcView extension 'Register and Transform' (Tom Velthuis), the DXF-files were brought into a GIS and transformed to the appropriate islands.

Aerial photography (Linhof) of penguin colonies was acquired over the Windmill Islands (Eric Woehler). The penguin colonies were traced, then digitised (John Cox), and saved as DXF-files. Using the ArcView extension 'Register and Transform' (Tom Velthuis), The DXF-files were brought into a GIS and transformed to the appropriate islands. Data conforms to SCAR Feature Catalogue which can be searched (refer to link below).

Aerial photography (35mm film) of penguin colonies was acquired over some islands north east of Brattstrand Bluff islands (Eric Woehler). The penguin colonies were traced, then digitised (John Cox), and saved as DXF-files. Using the ArcView extension 'Register and Transform' (Tom Velthuis), The DXF-files were brought into a GIS and transformed to the appropriate islands. Update May 2015 - This dataset has been rename from "Brattstrand Bluff penguin GIS dataset" to "Islands NE of Brattstrand Bluff penguin GIS dataset" to better describe the location of the colonies. The penguin colonies are on a small group of islands approximately 12km north east of Brattstrand Bluff. Latitude 69.148 south and longitude 77.268 east. The Data Centre does not have a copy of the original photographs or described GIS data. In May 2015, the Data Centre has attached the following to this record: The DXF file produced by John Cox by digitising the aerial photography. Note this document is not georeferenced. Four photographs taken in 2009 by Barbara Wienecke, Seabird Ecologist, showing penguin colonies on these islands. A shapefile exists of the digitised colonies. The digitising by Ursula Harris, Australian Antarctic Data Centre, was done by georeferencing the DXF drawing over unprocessed Quickbird Image 05NOV15042413-M1BS-052187281010_01_P002. It was done in two parts, the largest island and then the two smaller islands. This allowed for better matching. The accuracy of this data is unknown.

Aerial photography (Linhof) of penguin colonies was acquired over the Rauer Group (Eric Woehler). The penguin colonies were traced, then digitised (John Cox), and saved as DXF-files. Using the ArcView extension 'Register and Transform' (Tom Velthuis), The DXF-files were brought into a GIS and transformed to the appropriate islands.

This metadata record contains the results from 11 bioassays conducted with 2 species of Antarctic marine microalgae. Seven tests were conducted with Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae), assessing the toxicity of copper, cadmium, lead, zinc and nickel. Four tests were conducted with Cryothecomonas armigera (Incertae sedis), assessing the toxicity of copper only. Test conditions for both algae are described in the excel spreadsheets. In summary, tests for P. antarctica and C.armigera, were carried out at 0 plus or minus 2 degrees C, 20:4 h light:dark (150-200 micro mol/m2/s, cool white 36W/840 globes), in natural filtered (0.45 microns for P.antarctica and 0.22 microns filtered for C. armigera) seawater (salinity - 35 ppt, pH - 8.1 plus or minus 0.2). For both species, filtered seawater was supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NO3- and 0.15 mg/L of PO43-. All tests were carried out in silanised 250-mL glass flasks, with glass lids. Test volumes for P.antartica and C.armigera were 50 mL and 80 mL, respectively. All tests consisted of 3-5 metal treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment, alongside 3 replicate controls (natural filtered seawater). Seawater was spiked with metal solutions to achieve required concentration. Concentrations tested are recorded in excel datasheets. The following replicate toxicity tests were completed for P. antarctica: - 5 tests with copper (1-20 micro g/L) - 4 tests with lead (10-500 micro g/L) - 3 tests with cadmium (100-2000 micro g/L) - 3 tests with zinc (100-2000 micro g/L) - 3 tests with nickel (200-1000 micro g/L) For C. armigera, 1 rangefinder test was carried out testing 6 concentrations (1-100 micro g/L), and 3 definitive test, with 5 concentrations (15-100 micro g/L). The age of P. antarctica and C.armigera at test commencement was 8-12 days, and 25-30 days, respectively. Algal cells were centrifuged and washed to remove nutrient rich media, and test flasks were inoculated with between 1-3 x103 cells/mL. Cell densities in all toxicity tests were determined by flow cytometry. The flow cytometer was also used to simultaneously measure change sin chlorophyll a fluorescence intensity, cell size and internal cell granularity. Toxicity tests were continued until cell densities in the control treatments had increased 16-fold. Toxicity tests with P. antarctica were carried out over 10 days, with cell densities in each replicate flask measured every 2 days. Toxicity tests with C. armigera were carried out over 23-24 days, with cell densities determined twice a week. The growth rate (cell division; u) was calculated as the slope of the regression line from a plot of log10 (cell density) versus time (h). Growth rates for all treatments were expressed as a percentage of the control growth rates. The pH in all treatments was measured on the first and last day of the test, as well as on day 6 for P. antarctica tests and an additional two times per week for C. armigera tests. Sub-samples (5 mL) for analysis of dissolved metal concentrations were taken from each treatment on days 0, 6 and 10 for P. antarctica tests, and on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 24 for C. armigera tests. Sub-samples were filtered through an acid washed (10% HNO3, Merck) 0.45-micron membrane filter and syringe, and acidified to 0.2% with Tracepur nitric acid (Merck). All toxicity test results were calculated using measured dissolved metal concentrations, which were determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES; Varian 730-ES) for Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn and using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; Agilent 7500CE) for lowest concentration Cu samples (nominal concentration 1 micro g/L). Detection limits for Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn were 1, 0.12, 1.7, 1.2 and 0.1 micro g/L, respectively (ICP-AES) and 0.05 micro g/L (ICP-MS) for low concentration Cu samples. The specific growth rates (u) and corresponding measured metal concentrations were used to calculate toxicity test values using Toxcalc (Version 5.0.23, TidePool Scientific Software, San Francisco, CA, USA). Data were tested for normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk's test (p greater than 0.01); and equal variances using Bartlett's test (p = 0.09). The inhibitory concentration which reduced population growth rate by x% (ICx) compared to controls was calculated using linear interpolation. The Dunnett's multiple comparison test was used to determine which treatments were significantly different to the control (2 tailed, p less than or equal to 0.05), and to calculate the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC). Data for each toxicity test are provided in individual excel spreadsheets, identified by the species tested, the test number for that species and the date the test started. A summary table of details for the 11 tests is provided in the file: Summary table.xlsx. The first worksheet for each test file is titled "Test Conditions". This sheet provides information on the toxicity test e.g. species and metals tested, dates, test conditions, as well as explanation of abbreviations, definitions of toxicity values etc. The second worksheet includes the raw cell densities determined in each flask, the calculated growth rates, and the measured pH and metal concentrations. For C. armigera data sheets, there is an additional worksheet, "Measured Cu and pH" which includes all measured pH values and metal concentrations across the 24-day period. Following the growth rate sheets are the statistical outputs for each metal, which were all generated using Toxcalc. Finally, if additional cellular parameters were measured (Chlorophyll a fluorescence, cell size and internal cell granularity), the raw data for each parameter is include in a worksheet, "Metal cellular parameters". Data were collected in an Australian laboratory (CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Lucas Heights, 2234, NSW) during May 2013 - April 2014. The tests used microalgal strains that had been previously collected from the Southern Ocean and are cultured within the microalgal collection at the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Daughter daughter cultures were transferred to CSIRO, where they were cultured for this work.

The heavy metal content of whole Paramoera walkeri (Eusiridae, Amphipoda) were measured from specimens collected and deployed in experimental mesocosms around Casey station during the summer of 2003/04. Data are the parts per million (ppm) concentrations of 45 heavy metals measured via acid digestion and ICP-MS analysis. P.walkeri were collected from an intertidal area on the northern side of O'Brien Bay and deployed in mesocosms (perforated sample jars housed within perforated 20 litre food buckets) suspended approximately three metres below the sea ice at four sites; two potentially impacted sites in Brown Bay and two control sites, O'Brien Bay and McGrady Cove. The experiment was run on three occasions during the summer each lasting two weeks. These data were collected as part of ASAC project 2201 (ASAC_2201 - Natural variability and human induced change in Antarctic nearshore marine benthic communities). See also other metadata records by Glenn Johnstone for related information.