Antarctic Petrels Bibliography compiled by Jan Van Franeker of the SCAR Bird Biology Subgroup contains 176 records. The fields in this dataset are: year author title journal petrel

Snow Petrels Bibliography compiled by John Croxall of the SCAR Bird Biology Subgroup contains 146 records. The fields in this dataset are: year author title journal petrel

Giant Petrels Bibliography compiled by Donna Patterson of the SCAR Bird Biology Subgroup, contains 113 records. The fields in this dataset are: year author title journal petrel

Surveys were conducted at the eastern and western ends of Heard Island during the 1987/1988 season. Burrow densities in different habitat types (vegetated and unvegetated) were determined from fixed width transects. Extensive areas at both ends of the island were surveyed and detailed information was obtained on distribution and abundance on 4 species of burrowing petrels. This work was completed as part of ASAC project 451 (ASAC_451). This work also falls under the umbrella project, ASAC 1219 (ASAC_1219).

Distribution and abundance of breeding seabirds in the AAT. This dataset comprises a broad range of component datasets derived from ground surveys aerial photography and oblique photography. Aerial and oblique photography has been used to obtain supplementary information on distribution and abundance of seabirds in the region. Recent surveys, 2000/01 onwards, have made use of GPS for more precise geographic information on seabird nests and colonies. At present there are a number of child metadata records attached to this record. See the link above for details.

Previous exploration and ornithology in the Rauer Group are reviewed. Estimates of the nesting populations of southern fulmars and Antarctic petrels are compared with censuses conducted in 1983/84 and 1984/85. Population estimates varied considerably between years, and within the same year between different observers. To remedy this situation the three islands with sympatric breeding populations of the two species were divided into counting units, which are detailed with photographs. The total populations of surface-nesting petrels are in the order of 14000 pairs of fulmars, 2500 pairs of Antarctic petrel and 400 pairs of cape petrels. Chick survival was estimated at the time of banding and varied considerable between species, islands and years. The fields in this dataset are: Location: Filla Island, Buchan Island and Hop Island Southern Fulmar Antarctic Petrel Cape Petrel Birds Counted Estimated Pairs Population Estimates Chick survival Occupied Nests Number of Birds Conversion factor

Distribution and abundance of breeding seabirds at Heard I and the McDonald Is. This dataset comprises a broad range of component datasets derived from ground surveys aerial photography and oblique photography. Since the data have also been derived from old station logs for the 1947-54 period, and from published and unpublished records for the 1947-present day period. Aerial and oblique photography has been used to obtain supplementary information on distribution and abundance of seabirds in the region. Recent surveys, 2000/01 onwards, have made use of GPS for more precise geographic information on seabird nests and colonies. At present there are a number of child metadata records attached to this record. See the link above for details.

Introduction: During the seasons of 1954-1956 samples of liver and blood were collected from animals at Heard Island and Antarctica by members of the Australian Antarctic Expeditions. These samples were obtained primarily for determination of copper levels (see reference). Iron determinations were made concurrently by Beck and histological examinations were made on some of the liver samples by the late Dr H.W. Bennetts, at that time the Veterniary Pathologist of the Department of Agriculture. The data were not extensive enough for publication, but they are presented here for the information of other workers. Experimental: Blood was collected as it flowed from the bullet-hole after shooting. Samples were collected in bottles containing purified potassium oxalate and were subsequently preserved with purified thymol. Liver samples for analyses were preserved in a purified ethanol-formalin mixture. Those for histological studies were stored in buffered formal-saline. No special precautions were taken to remove all blood from the liver samples. Iron was estimated by the thioglycollic acid method of Mayer and Bradshaw (Analyst, 1951, 76, 715) after oxidation of organic matter with nitric, sulphuric and perchloric acids. Blood iron results are expressed as micrograms Fe per ml. If seal and penguin haemoglobin is similar to that of terrestrial species, 680 micrograms Fe per ml will equal about 20g haemoglobin per 100 ml blood. Liver results are expressed as parts per million Fe on dry matter. No correction was made for fat content as all samples (except for one leopard seal) were low in fat. The sample from the leopard seal contained 28% fat and the iron content has been calculated to a fat free basis. As it was possible that the high levels of iron are related to the diving habits of the seals, iron determinations were also made on livers from whales taken along the Australian coast. Some blood and liver iron levels for terrestrial species and for the Australian salmon are included for comparison. Results and Discussion: Detailed results for the seals and penguins and other animals are available at the url below. The levels of iron in the seal blood samples are extremely high and similar observations have been made by numerous other workers. The levels in Weddell seals Nos. 18 and 20 contain the equivalent of 30-35g haemoglobin per 100 ml blood. This level may be compared with 10-15g per 100 ml of terrestrial species. The levels of iron in the livers of the Weddell seals and in the penguins is generally higher than the corresponding values in terrestrial species. The values for elephant seals are however consistently higher than all other species. Several possible reasons can be advanced for the high iron content of the livers from elephant seals. 1) Contamination by blood is undoubtedly a factor. This is born out by the histological report of congestion of the sinusoids. Dr Budd, in a personal letter on April 17 1955, comments on the rather extraordinary slowness with which blood drains from seal liver. The fact that the very high liver iron levels are associated with heavy haemosiderin deposits indicates that blood contamination is only part of the reason for the high iron levels. 2) A small amount of contamination by black sand occurred in some of the Heard Island livers. We obtained a sample of this black sand but it contained only 3.3% soluble Fe. If there were 1% sand in the samples it would only increase the liver Fe by 330 ppm. As the sand contamination was far less than 1% I do not consider that it has contributed significantly to the liver iron values. 3) The haemosiderin may possibly be due to some virus or organism which caused blood breakdown. However, there was no comment of any sign of disease by those who collected the samples. Dr L.G.C.E. Pugh (Nature, Jan 10th 1959, 183, 74) comments on the ease of hydrolysis of Weddell seal blood and considers that the cell fragility may contribute to the high rate of destruction of red cells. If a very high destruction rate occurs in the blood of elephant seals this could account for the liver haemosiderin. 4) The high liver haemosiderin may merely be a normal iron reserve for what must be a very high iron requirement for blood production in this species. On the other hand the Weddell seals have just as high haemoglobin levels and yet the iron levels in the liver are much lower. The fields in this dataset are: antarctic blood duck fowl haemoglobin iron liver penguins petrels rabbit seals sheep skuas subantarctic whales animal No. common name scientific name taxon id locality date details blood Fe (ug/ml) liver Fe (p.p.m. on dry liver) Haemo-siderin in liver comments specials No. of samples iron content blood (micro grams per ml) iron content liver (ppm on dry matter)