Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 1119 See the link below for public details on this project. A marked bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain supposedly resulted from a recent major reorganization of the plate-mantle system there 50 million years ago. Although alternative mantle-driven and plate-shifting hypotheses have been proposed, no contemporaneous circum-Pacific plate events have been identified. We report reconstructions for Australia and Antarctica that reveal a major plate reorganization between 50 and 53 million years ago. Revised Pacific Ocean sea-floor reconstructions suggest that subduction of the Pacific-Izanagi spreading ridge and subsequent Marianas/Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation may have been the ultimate causes of these events. Thus, these plate reconstructions solve long-standing continental fit problems and improve constraints on the motion between East and West Antarctica and global plate circuit closure.

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 545 See the link below for public details on this project. From the abstract of the referenced paper: Blood was collected for haematological, red cell enzyme and red cell metabolic intermediate studies from 20 Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina. Mean haematological values were: haemoglobin (Hb) 22.4 plus or minus 1.4 g/dl, packed cell volume (PCV) 54.2 plus or minus 3.8%, mean cell volume (MCV) 213 plus or minus 5 fl and red cell count (RCC) 2.5 x 10 to power 12 / l. Red cell morphology was unremarkable. Most of the red cell enzymes showed low activity in comparison with human red cells. Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed a typical pinniped pattern, ie two major components. Total leucocyte counts, platelet counts, and coagulation studies were within expected mammalian limits. Eosinophil counts varied from 0.5 x 10 to power 9 / l (5%-49%), and there was a very wide variation in erythrocyte sedimentation rates, from 3 to 60mm/h.

General overview The following datasets are described by this metadata record, and are available for download from the provided URL. - Raw log files, physical parameters raw log files - Raw excel files, respiration/PAM chamber raw excel spreadsheets - Processed and cleaned excel files, respiration chamber biomass data - Raw rapid light curve excel files (this is duplicated from Raw log files), combined dataset pH, temperature, oxygen, salinity, velocity for experiment - Associated R script file for pump cycles of respirations chambers #### Physical parameters raw log files Raw log files 1) DATE= 2) Time= UTC+11 3) PROG=Automated program to control sensors and collect data 4) BAT=Amount of battery remaining 5) STEP=check aquation manual 6) SPIES=check aquation manual 7) PAR=Photoactive radiation 8) Levels=check aquation manual 9) Pumps= program for pumps 10) WQM=check aquation manual #### Respiration/PAM chamber raw excel spreadsheets Abbreviations in headers of datasets Note: Two data sets are provided in different formats. Raw and cleaned (adj). These are the same data with the PAR column moved over to PAR.all for analysis. All headers are the same. The cleaned (adj) dataframe will work with the R syntax below, alternative add code to do cleaning in R. Date: ISO 1986 - Check Time:UTC+11 unless otherwise stated DATETIME: UTC+11 unless otherwise stated ID (of instrument in respiration chambers) ID43=Pulse amplitude fluoresence measurement of control ID44=Pulse amplitude fluoresence measurement of acidified chamber ID=1 Dissolved oxygen ID=2 Dissolved oxygen ID3= PAR ID4= PAR PAR=Photo active radiation umols F0=minimal florescence from PAM Fm=Maximum fluorescence from PAM Yield=(F0 – Fm)/Fm rChl=an estimate of chlorophyll (Note this is uncalibrated and is an estimate only) Temp=Temperature degrees C PAR=Photo active radiation PAR2= Photo active radiation2 DO=Dissolved oxygen %Sat= Saturation of dissolved oxygen Notes=This is the program of the underwater submersible logger with the following abreviations: Notes-1) PAM= Notes-2) PAM=Gain level set (see aquation manual for more detail) Notes-3) Acclimatisation= Program of slowly introducing treatment water into chamber Notes-4) Shutter start up 2 sensors+sample…= Shutter PAMs automatic set up procedure (see aquation manual) Notes-5) Yield step 2=PAM yield measurement and calculation of control Notes-6) Yield step 5= PAM yield measurement and calculation of acidified Notes-7) Abatus respiration DO and PAR step 1= Program to measure dissolved oxygen and PAR (see aquation manual). Steps 1-4 are different stages of this program including pump cycles, DO and PAR measurements. 8) Rapid light curve data Pre LC: A yield measurement prior to the following measurement After 10.0 sec at 0.5% to 8%: Level of each of the 8 steps of the rapid light curve Odessey PAR (only in some deployments): An extra measure of PAR (umols) using an Odessey data logger Dataflow PAR: An extra measure of PAR (umols) using a Dataflow sensor. PAM PAR: This is copied from the PAR or PAR2 column PAR all: This is the complete PAR file and should be used Deployment: Identifying which deployment the data came from #### Respiration chamber biomass data The data is chlorophyll a biomass from cores from the respiration chambers. The headers are: Depth (mm) Treat (Acidified or control) Chl a (pigment and indicator of biomass) Core (5 cores were collected from each chamber, three were analysed for chl a), these are psudoreplicates/subsamples from the chambers and should not be treated as replicates. #### Associated R script file for pump cycles of respirations chambers Associated respiration chamber data to determine the times when respiration chamber pumps delivered treatment water to chambers. Determined from Aquation log files (see associated files). Use the chamber cut times to determine net production rates. Note: Users need to avoid the times when the respiration chambers are delivering water as this will give incorrect results. The headers that get used in the attached/associated R file are start regression and end regression. The remaining headers are not used unless called for in the associated R script. The last columns of these datasets (intercept, ElapsedTimeMincoef) are determined from the linear regressions described below. To determine the rate of change of net production, coefficients of the regression of oxygen consumption in discrete 180 minute data blocks were determined. R squared values for fitted regressions of these coefficients were consistently high (greater than 0.9). We make two assumptions with calculation of net production rates: the first is that heterotrophic community members do not change their metabolism under OA; and the second is that the heterotrophic communities are similar between treatments. #### Combined dataset pH, temperature, oxygen, salinity, velocity for experiment This data is rapid light curve data generated from a Shutter PAM fluorimeter. There are eight steps in each rapid light curve. Note: The software component of the Shutter PAM fluorimeter for sensor 44 appeared to be damaged and would not cycle through the PAR cycles. Therefore the rapid light curves and recovery curves should only be used for the control chambers (sensor ID43). The headers are PAR: Photoactive radiation relETR: F0/Fm x PAR Notes: Stage/step of light curve Treatment: Acidified or control The associated light treatments in each stage. Each actinic light intensity is held for 10 seconds, then a saturating pulse is taken (see PAM methods). After 10.0 sec at 0.5% = 1 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 0.7% = 1 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 1.1% = 0.96 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 1.6% = 4.32 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 2.4% = 4.32 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 3.6% = 8.31 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 5.3% =15.78 umols PAR After 10.0 sec at 8.0% = 25.75 umols PAR This dataset appears to be missing data, note D5 rows potentially not useable information See the word document in the download file for more information.

A collation of known shipwrecks and vessels lost at sea from the year 1578 until 2013 containing information on year, vessel name, country, last known location, and purpose for the journey. And a collation of recent shipping incidents from 1991 until 2016 containing information on the year of the incident, vessel name, country where known, purpose of the journey and the cause of the incident. Location - listed as nearest land mass used where known. Country - Argentina = AR; Australia = AU; Bahamas = BS; Barbados = BB; Brazil = BR; China = CN; Falkland Islands = FK; France = FR; Germany = DE; Japan = JP; Korea = KR; Liberia = LR; Malta = MT; New Zealand = NZ; Norway = NO; Panama = PA; Peru = PE; Poland = PL; Russia = RU; Spain = ES; South Africa = ZA; Sweden = SE; UK = United Kingdom; US = United States of America Nationality of tourist companies are not all included as the company (principal and sub-chartered), and the ships used, are registered across different countries, some even changing within any given year. Flag state for that year is included where known. NB: vessels ran aground mainly due to severe weather conditions or inadequate hydrographic information Information was compiled for numerous references (Argentina and Chile, 2016; ASOC, 2012; Belgium, 2009; Brazil, 2012a; Brazil, 2012b; Headland, 2009; IAATO, 2000; IAATO, 2002; IAATO, 2003; IAATO, 2011a; IAATO, 2011b; Jones, 1973; Korea, 2011; New Zealand, 2007; New Zealand, 2012a; New Zealand, 2012b; New Zealand, 2015; New Zealand et al., 2011; Norway, 2007; Norway, 2008; People's Republic of China, 2013; Poland, 2016; Reich, 1980; Sweet et al., 2015; United Kingdom, 2008; United Kingdom, 2009).

Locations of sampling sites for ASAC project 40 on voyage 7 of the Aurora Australis in the 2001/2002 season. The dataset also contains information on chlorophyll, carotenoids, coccolithophorids and species identification and counts. The voyage acronym was LOSS. There are 203 observations in the collection. These data are available via the biodiversity database. The taxa represented in this collection are (species names at time of data collection, 2001-2002): Acanthoica quattrospina Calcidiscus leptoporus Coronosphaera mediterranea Emiliania huxleyi Gephyrocapsa oceanica Pentalamina corona Syracosphaera pulchra Tetraparma pelagica Triparma columacea subsp. alata Triparma laevis subsp. ramispina Triparma strigata Umbellosphaera tenuis

This dataset contains vertical profiles of particles in the upper water column (60 m depth) at six sites. A laser optical plankton counter (LOPC) was deployed through a hole in the sea ice, or from the stern of the Aurora Australis, and lowered to 60 m, logging as it was lowered. The LOPC records particles in the size range 100 um to 20 mm, though the small aperture (7 cm x 7 cm) means that the largest particles are probably only sampled rarely. For each site, the data are presented as normalised biomass for a series of equivalent spherical diameters (ESD). ESD is based on measurements of length and width of animals likely to be sampled via the LOPC (i.e. animals that are sampled at the same time with a traditional plankton net). The data were collected on the SIPEX II voyage of the Aurora Australis, from 14/9/2012 to 16/11/2012. Sites were all located in first year pack ice; the ship would nudge up to a floe and then samples of ice, zooplankton, etc. were collected directly by working on the floe. The LOPC was either deployed through a large hole in the pack ice, or it was deployed off the stern of the AA. Method of deployment did not really have an impact on the data collected, it was more a logistical decision based on conditions.

The AADC (Australian Antarctic Data Centre) is in the process of converting all internally held spatial datasets to the ITRF2000 horizontal datum. This consolidated dataset consists of surveys HI623_alatB_gg, HI625_alatB_GG, HI632_alat_B_gg, HI632_alat_C_gg, LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029052_op, LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029053_op, LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029054_op converted to ITRF2000 horizontal datum with Z conversion values for multiple height datums. The data was provided to the AAD by Paul Digney of Jacobs consulting in March 2021. Included survey datasets: • HI623_alatB_gg • HI625_alatB_GG • HI632_alat_B_gg • HI632_alat_C_gg • LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029052_op • LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029053_op • LADSII_MMI20756_HSDB_T0001_SD_100029054_op All data are in horizontal datum ITRF2000 and have been combined into a single ESRI geodatabase feature class titled AHS_Surveys_Macca_ITRF2000. Attribute data shows quality information, conversion factors (shift in metres) for multiple datums and the MSL orthometric height: Column Name Alias Meaning Easting Easting Easting ITRF2000 Northing Northing Northing ITRF2000 LAT_to_GRS LAT_to_GRS LAT (Chart Datum) to GSR80 LAT_to_Mac LAT_to_Mac LAT to Macca MSL Z_To_GRS80 Z_To_GRS80 Height to the Ellipsoid Z_To_Macca Z_To_Macca Local MSL orthometric height Vertical_U Vertical_U How good is the Vertical Position Horizontal Horizontal How good is the Horizontal Position Uncertaint Uncertaint Uncertainty Comments Depth_Comm Depth_Comments Vertical uncertainty ranges from 0.5 to 1.2 m and horizontal uncertainty ranges from 2 to 5.5 m. Null values indicate unknown uncertainty. See the attached document ‘Metadata_Record_Macqaurie Island Final.xlsx’ for further details.

The RAN Australian Hydrographic Service conducted hydrographic survey HI290 at Heard Island, February to March 1997. The survey dataset, which includes the Report of Survey, was provided to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre by the Australian Hydrographic Office and is available for download from a Related URL in this metadata record. The survey was lead by LT R.D.Bowden. The spatial extent given in this metadata record is that of Heard Island as the spatial extent of the survey is unknown to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre. The data are not suitable for navigation.

Some mammalian and avian species alter their vocal communication signals to reduce masking by background noises (including conspecific calls). A preliminary study suggested that Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) increase the durations of some underwater call types when overlapped by another calling seal. The present study examined the durations and overlapping sequences of Weddell seal calls recorded in Eastern Antarctica. The calling rate, call type (13 major categories), total duration, numbers of elements per call, and overlapping order of 100-200 consecutive calls per recording location were measured. In response to increased conspecific calling rates, the call durations and numbers of elements (within repeated-element call types) did not change or became shorter. Calls that were not overlapped were 3.8 plus or minus 6.1 s long, the first call in a series of overlapped calls was 14.4 plus or minus 15.7 s and subsequent calls in an overlapping series were 6.5 plus or minus 10.3 s. The mean durations of non-overlapped and overlapped calls matched random distributions. Weddell seals do not appear to be adjusting the durations or timing of their calls to purposefully avoid masking each others' calls. The longer a call is, the more likely it is to overlap another call by chance. An implication of this is that Weddell seals may not have the behavioural flexibility to reduce masking by altering the temporal aspects of their calls or calling behaviours as background noises (natural and from shipping) increase.

Instrument description: Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was measured at five minute intervals. GEM was collected and analysed on two parallel gold traps. While GEM was collected on one gold trap, the mercury on the other traps was simultaneously being thermally desorbed and detected by a cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The Tekran was calibrated approximately every 24 - 48 hours using an internal Hg permeation source. The internal calibration source was checked prior to shipping the instrument to Australia using an external Hg source. The internal calibration source will be verified upon return of the instrument. Instrument Setup: This instrument was sampling from a weather protected inlet positioned ~3 m off the front port side of the Monkey Deck of the Aurora Australis, directly above the bridge. The 35m heated Teflon sample line end and filter is contained within the "Ned Kelly", a large (~30 cm diameter) stainless steel can which protects against rain, snow, sea spray and major impacts. This sample line ran 25m down to the Tekran instrument which was located in a the Met-Lab. Ar (99.999% purity) was fed into the MetLab via quarter inch Teflon tubing from the oxygen store on the Monkey deck. A 2D R.M. Young (model 5305-AQ) anemometer was also deployed at the same elevation on the aft side of the sample inlet. The anemometer was oriented with zero degrees pointed directly forward of the ship. Mean Wind speed and direction were captured using Campbell Scientific CR1000 datalogger at five-minute intervals. The files included in this dataset are the raw outputs from the Tekran 2537. They include headers, though not always at the top of the file, because headers are only written when the instrument is started or after recalibration. Also included are scanned log books containing meteorological observations, maintenance notes, and when adjustments were made to the sample line (which alters anemometer data).