This indicator is no longer maintained, and is considered OBSOLETE. INDICATOR DEFINITION All known observations of seabird strikes are recorded upon observation at Australian Antarctic Stations and on ships travelling in the Southern Ocean. TYPE OF INDICATOR There are three types of indicators used in this report: 1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system; 2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system; 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system. This indicator is one of: PRESSURE RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION Human presence in the Antarctic has led to the creation of many stations located around the continent. In many cases, these stations are sited close to seabird colonies. Birds have struck station buildings, radio masts, etc. Further, seabird strikes are reported from resupply and research vessels. In recent decades, there have been observations made of bird strikes, particularly colliding with station infrastructure, remote installations and supporting infrastructure and ship-based transport to the continent. Whilst the data are not considered to be comprehensive or highly rigorous, it is envisaged that recording of bird strikes may facilitate useful analysis in the future. DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM Spatial scale: Southern Ocean: 40S to the Antarctic continent, Mawson, Davis, Casey, Macquarie Island, Heard Island, field camps, and summer expeditions. Frequency: Annual. Measurement technique: Observation of bird strikes at Australian Antarctic Stations and at sea. RESEARCH ISSUES The accuracy of the data are likely to be limited as it depends upon the detection of bird strikes by actual observation of the strike as it occurs, or the discovery of bird carcasses near the structure with which it collided. LINKS TO OTHER INDICATORS SOE Indicator 29 - Breeding population of the Southern Giant Petrel at Heard Island, the McDonald Islands and within the AAT SOE Indicator 37 - Species and numbers of species killed, taken or interfered with or disturbed in the Antarctic and the sub-Antarctic for the purpose of scientific research SOE Indicator 46 - Annual tourist ship visits and tourist numbers SOE Indicator 48 - Station and ship person days SOE Indicator 76 - Monthly fuel usage of ships travelling to Australian Antarctic Stations

This indicator is no longer maintained, and is considered OBSOLETE. INDICATOR DEFINITION The quantity of fuel used by ships travelling to Australian Antarctic stations and on Marine Science voyages as measured on a monthly basis and reported in the monthly reports from the Voyage Leaders to the Kingston (Head Office) Logistics Section. TYPE OF INDICATOR There are three types of indicators used in this report: 1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system; 2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system; 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system. This indicator is one of: PRESSURE RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION The amount of fuel used on ships travelling to Antarctica and on Marine Science voyages, for propulsion and power generation, is proportional to environmental impact due to the emissions released. Marine Gas Oil (MGO), is a marine version of normal diesel and is used on the vessels to power the main engines and generator sets, to provide propulsion and general services to the vessels such as power and heating. IFO 40 (RMC 10) is a light grade fuel oil used by some of the vessels by the Antarctic Division. This fuel is used for the main engines, and in some cases the generators. DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM Spatial scale: Southern Ocean. Frequency: Monthly reports Measurement technique: The figures are obtained by sounding the fuel tanks on the ship and/or a reading from the fuel usage meter. RESEARCH ISSUES Depending on the vessels used by the Antarctic division, future collection of this data may be automated. LINKS TO OTHER INDICATORS SOE Indicator 1 - Monthly mean air temperatures at Australian Antarctic stations. SOE Indicator 2 - Highest monthly air temperatures at Australian Antarctic Stations SOE Indicator 3 - Lowest monthly air temperatures at Australian Antarctic Stations SOE Indicator 4 - Monthly mean lower stratospheric temperatures above Australian Antarctic Stations SOE Indicator 7 - Monthly mean of three-hourly wind speeds (m/s) SOE Indicator 48 - Station and ship person days SOE Indicator 57 - Monthly total of fuel used by station incinerators SOE Indicator 58 - Monthly total of fuel used by station vehicles SOE Indicator 59 - Monthly electricity usage SOE Indicator 60 - Total helicopter hours SOE Indicator 61 - Total potable water consumption SOE Indicator 65 - Station footprint for Australian Antarctic stations

Antarctica is the world's greatest remaining wilderness area. It plays a significant role in many global environmental issues such as wind and water currents and world weather patterns. State of the Environment Reporting: - provides a 'snap-shot' of the status of the Antarctic environment - relies on long-term monitoring of environmental and other variables - allows the detection of trends and patterns, which may be due to natural variability or human-induced (anthropogenic) pressures Why are we interested? State of the Environment Reporting allows us to: - assess the quality of the Antarctic environment - identify threats to the Antarctic environment - monitor the pressures we exert on it and track the impact and efficiency of our activities in the Antarctic. How do we do it? State of the Environment Reporting is based on environmental indicators. Indicators: - are data that summarise physical, chemical, biological or socio-economic factors which best represent the key elements of the environment - are grouped into themes We have developed a web-accessible computer system called SIMR that manages the indicator data, metadata, and custodian information. The system automatically prompts custodians for data and evaluations when required and can produce reports on indicators via the web whenever requested.

State of the Environment bibliography, compiled by Ewan McIvor. Contains 51 records. The fields in this dataset are: author year journal title volume pages publisher place of publication copy on file URL keywords