Reproductive rate as an index of the environment: 28 years of monitoring Weddell seals in east Antarctica.

Publication of these results is currently in progress with the Journal of Animal Ecology.

Summary

1.An efficient method of describing change in Antarctic marine ecosystems is long-term monitoring of land-breeding marine predators. High-level predators are used to index the state of environment on the notion that perturbations in the ecosystem will affect their diet, reproductive performance and other demographics. For this purpose, Weddell seals breeding at the Vestfold Hills have been marked and re-sighted for the past 28 years (1973 - 2000).

2.Successful reproduction requires considerable energetic resources. The difference between rates of conception and rates of parturition suggests pregnant females abort reproductive attempts when their energy stores are low. In this way, annual rates of reproduction (i.e. parturition) are a measure of foraging efficiency.

3.Previous attempts to estimate Weddell seal reproduction have been biased by different rates of re-sighting breeding and non-breeding females. We used multistate mark and re-sight models to account for this and other variables when estimating reproductive rate.

4.The amplitude of temporal variation was much greater for reproduction than for survivorship, indicating that parous (breeding) females maximised survival by reproducing less. This strategy could be successful in fluctuating environments because seals live longer and experience more reproductive occasions.

5.The population had low reproductive rates from 1983 to 1985 and throughout the 1990s. In those years, potential recruitment into breeding groups was reduced to 50 - 60 % of the cohort before viable pups were even born.

6.Even in years of low reproductive rate, typically half (52%) of the breeding females produced pups. It seemed that individuals differed in their foraging success and thus body condition and / or their functional response to this.

7.There was no evidence for costs of reproduction. We infer that the seals responded to environmental conditions prior to parturition, as opposed to proceeding with reproduction when inadequately resourced and depleting energy resources such that they had lower probability of surviving or reproducing the following year.

8.Synthesis and applications: This study demonstrates a method of estimating reproductive rate that overcomes bias inherent in traditional methods. Estimated in this way, we propose that reproductive rate is the best indicator of the state of marine ecosystems that can be indexed for Weddell seals.

The fields in this dataset are:

Year

Standard Error

Upper confidence interval

Lower confidence interval

Breeding probability

Upper error bar

Lower error bar

Identification info

Alternate title: Reproductive rate as an index of the environment: 28 years of monitoring Weddell seals in east Antarctica.

Date (Publication): 2005-08-22

Edition: 1

Citation identifier

Dataset DOI

Title: Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system

Date (Publication): 2012-04-23

Citation identifier: ISO 26324:2012

Citation identifier: doi:10.26179/5d6c611039dda

Originator

Lake, S.E.

Publisher

Australian Antarctic Data Centre

Principal investigator

LAKE, SAMANTHA E

Dunedin

7 Pentland Street

Dunedin

New Zealand

+64 3 473 9002

Collaborator

LAKE, SAMANTHA E

Dunedin

7 Pentland Street

Dunedin

New Zealand

+64 3 473 9002

Name: CAASM Metadata

Website: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/wed_index

Status: Completed

Custodian

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)

Australian Antarctic Division

203 Channel Highway

Kingston

Tasmania

7050

Australia

+61 3 6232 3244

+61 3 6232 3351 (facsimile)

Topic category

Biota
Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere
Environment
Oceans

Extent