This dataset is a collection of marine environmental data layers suitable for use in Southern Ocean species distribution modelling. All environmental layers have been generated at a spatial resolution of 0.1 degrees, covering the Southern Ocean extent (80 degrees S - 45 degrees S, -180 - 180 degrees). The layers include information relating to bathymetry, sea ice, ocean currents, primary production, particulate organic carbon, and other oceanographic data.

An example of reading and using these data layers in R can be found at https://australianantarcticdivision.github.io/blueant/articles/SO_SDM_data.html.

The following layers are provided:

1. Layer name: depth

Description: Bathymetry. Downloaded from GEBCO 2014 (0.0083 degrees = 30sec arcmin resolution) and set at resolution 0.1 degrees. Then completed with the bathymetry layer manually corrected and provided in Fabri-Ruiz et al. (2017)

Value range: -8038.722 - 0

Units: m

Source: This study. Derived from GEBCO

URL: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/

Citation: Fabri-Ruiz S, Saucede T, Danis B and David B (2017). Southern Ocean Echinoids database_An updated version of Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and cold temperate echinoid database. ZooKeys, (697), 1.

2. Layer name: geomorphology

Description: Last update on biodiversity.aq portal. Derived from O'Brien et al. (2009) seafloor geomorphic feature dataset. Mapping based on GEBCO contours, ETOPO2, seismic lines). 27 categories

Value range: 27 categories

Units: categorical

Source: This study. Derived from Australian Antarctic Data Centre

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

Citation: O'Brien, P.E., Post, A.L., and Romeyn, R. (2009) Antarctic-wide geomorphology as an aid to habitat mapping and locating vulnerable marine ecosystems. CCAMLR VME Workshop 2009. Document WS-VME-09/10

3. Layer name: sediments

Description: Sediment features

Value range: 14 categories

Units: categorical

Source: Griffiths 2014 (unpublished)

URL: http://share.biodiversity.aq/GIS/antarctic/

4. Layer name: slope

Description: Seafloor slope derived from bathymetry with the terrain function of raster R package. Computation according to Horn (1981), ie option neighbor=8. The computation was done on the GEBCO bathymetry layer (0.0083 degrees resolution) and the resolution was then changed to 0.1 degrees. Unit set at degrees.

Value range: 0.000252378 - 16.94809

Units: degrees

Source: This study. Derived from GEBCO

URL: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/

Citation: Horn, B.K.P., 1981. Hill shading and the reflectance map. Proceedings of the IEEE 69:14-47

5. Layer name: roughness

Description: Seafloor roughness derived from bathymetry with the terrain function of raster R package. Roughness is the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of a cell and its 8 surrounding cells. The computation was done on the GEBCO bathymetry layer (0.0083 degrees resolution) and the resolution was then changed to 0.1 degrees.

Value range: 0 - 5171.278

Units: unitless

Source: This study. Derived from GEBCO

URL: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/

6. Layer name: mixed layer depth

Description: Summer mixed layer depth climatology from ARGOS data. Regridded from 2-degree grid using nearest neighbour interpolation

Value range: 13.79615 - 461.5424

Units: m

Source: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

7. Layer name: seasurface_current_speed

Description: Current speed near the surface (2.5m depth), derived from the CAISOM model (Galton-Fenzi et al. 2012, based on ROMS model)

Value range: 1.50E-04 - 1.7

Units: m/s

Source: This study. Derived from Australian Antarctic Data Centre

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

Citation: see Galton-Fenzi BK, Hunter JR, Coleman R, Marsland SJ, Warner RC (2012) Modeling the basal melting and marine ice accretion of the Amery Ice Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117, C09031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008214, https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/polar_environmental_data

8. Layer name: seafloor_current_speed

Description: Current speed near the sea floor, derived from the CAISOM model (Galton-Fenzi et al. 2012, based on ROMS)

Value range: 3.40E-04 - 0.53

Units: m/s

Source: This study. Derived from Australian Antarctic Data Centre

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

Citation: see Galton-Fenzi BK, Hunter JR, Coleman R, Marsland SJ, Warner RC (2012) Modeling the basal melting and marine ice accretion of the Amery Ice Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117, C09031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jc008214, https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/polar_environmental_data

9. Layer name: distance_antarctica

Description: Distance to the nearest part of the Antarctic continent

Value range: 0 - 3445

Units: km

Source: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

10. Layer name: distance_canyon

Description: Distance to the axis of the nearest canyon

Value range: 0 - 3117

Units: km

Source: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

11. Layer name: distance_max_ice_edge

Description: Distance to the mean maximum winter sea ice extent (derived from daily estimates of sea ice concentration)

Value range: -2614.008 - 2314.433

Units: km

Source: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

12. Layer name: distance_shelf

Description: Distance to nearest area of seafloor of depth 500m or shallower

Value range: -1296 - 1750

Units: km

Source: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Polar_Environmental_Data

13. Layer name: ice_cover_max

Description: Ice concentration fraction, maximum on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 1

Units: unitless

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

14. Layer name: ice_cover_mean

Description: Ice concentration fraction, mean on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 0.9708595

Units: unitless

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

15. Layer name: ice_cover_min

Description: Ice concentration fraction, minimum on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 0.8536261

Units: unitless

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

16. Layer name: ice_cover_range

Description: Ice concentration fraction, difference maximum-minimum on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 1

Units: unitless

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

17. Layer name: ice_thickness_max

Description: Ice thickness, maximum on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 3.471811

Units: m

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

18. Layer name: ice_thickness_mean

Description: Ice thickness, mean on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 1.614133

Units: m

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

19. Layer name: ice_thickness_min

Description: Ice thickness, minimum on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 0.7602701

Units: m

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

20. Layer name: ice_thickness_range

Description: Ice thickness, difference maximum-minimum on [1957-2017] time period

Value range: 0 - 3.471811

Units: m

Source: BioOracle accessed 24/04/2018, see Assis et al. (2018)

URL: http://www.bio-oracle.org/

Citation: Assis J, Tyberghein L, Bosch S, Verbruggen H, Serrao EA and De Clerck O (2018). Bio_ORACLE v2. 0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(3), 277-284 , see also https://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/ocean-reanalysis

21. Layer name: chla_ampli_alltime_2005_2012

Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Amplitude of pixel values (difference between maximal and minimal value encountered by each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012])

Value range: 0 - 77.15122

Units: mg/m^3

Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/

URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php

22. Layer name: chla_max_alltime_2005_2012

Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Maximal value encountered by each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]

Value range: 0 - 77.28562

Units: mg/m^3

Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/

URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php

23. Layer name: chla_mean_alltime_2005_2012

Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Mean value of each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]

Value range: 0 - 30.42691

Units: mg/m^3

Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/

URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php

24. Layer name: chla_min_alltime_2005_2012

Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Minimal value encountered by each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]

Value range: 0 - 29.02929

Units: mg/m^3

Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/

URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php

25. Layer name: chla_sd_alltime_2005_2012

Description: Chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained from MODIS satellite data. Standard deviation value of each pixel during all months of the period [2005-2012]

Value range: 0 - 27.9877

Units: mg/m^3

Source: https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS-Aqua/Mapped/Monthly/9km/chlor_a/

URL: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/chlor_a.php

26. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_ampli

Description: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Amplitude value (difference maximal and minimal value, see previous layers) all seasonal layers [2005-2012]

Value range: 0 - 1.31761

Units: g/m^2/d

Source: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layers

Citation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).

27. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_max

Description: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Maximal value encountered on each pixel among all seasonal layers [2005-2012]

Value range: 0.00332562 - 1.376601

Units: g/m^2/d

Source: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layers

Citation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).

28. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_mean

Description: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Mean all seasonal layers [2005-2012]

Value range: 0.003184335 - 0.5031364

Units: g/m^2/d

Source: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layers

Citation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).

29. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_min

Description: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Minimal value encountered on each pixel among all seasonal layers [2005-2012]

Value range: 0.003116508 - 0.1313119

Units: g/m^2/d

Source: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layers

Citation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).

30. Layer name: POC_2005_2012_sd

Description: Particulate organic carbon, model Lutz et al. (2007). Standard deviation all seasonal layers [2005-2012]

Value range: 3.85E-08 - 0.4417001

Units: g/m^2/d

Source: This study. Following Lutz et al. (2007)

URL: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Particulate_carbon_export_flux_layers

Citation: Lutz MJ, Caldeira K, Dunbar RB and Behrenfeld MJ (2007). Seasonal rhythms of net primary production and particulate organic carbon flux to depth describe the efficiency of biological pump in the global ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C10).

31. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_ampli

Description: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.001755714 - 5.285187

Units: mL/L

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

32. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_max

Description: Maximum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of oxygen concentration over [1955-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 3.059685 - 11.52433

Units: mL/L

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

33. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_mean

Description: Mean seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012] (average of all monthly layers), modified from WOCE

Value range: 2.836582 - 8.858084

Units: mL/L

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

34. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_min

Description: Minimum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.4315577 - 8.350794

Units: mL/L

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

35. Layer name: seafloor_oxy_1955_2012_sd

Description: Standard deviation seafloor oxygen concentration over [1955-2012] (of all monthly layers), modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.000427063 - 1.588707

Units: mL/L

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

36. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_ampli

Description: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor salinity over [2005-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.000801086 - 4.249901

Units: PSU

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

37. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_max

Description: Maximum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor salinity over [2005-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 32.90105 - 35.3997

Units: PSU

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

38. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_mean

Description: Mean seafloor salinity over [2005-2012] (average of all monthly layers), modified from WOCE

Value range: 32.51107 - 35.03207

Units: PSU

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

39. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_min

Description: Minimum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor salinity over [2005-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 29.8904 - 34.97735

Units: PSU

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

40. Layer name: seafloor_sali_2005_2012_sd

Description: Standard deviation seafloor salinity over [2005-2012] (of all monthly layers), modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.000251834 - 1.36245

Units: PSU

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

41. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_ampli

Description: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor temperature over [2005-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.0086 - 8.625669

Units: degrees C

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

42. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_max

Description: Maximum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor temperature over [2005-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: -2.021455 - 15.93171

Units: degrees C

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

43. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_mean

Description: Mean seafloor temperature over [2005-2012] (average of all monthly layers), modified from WOCE

Value range: -2.085796 - 13.23161

Units: degrees C

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

44. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_min

Description: Minimum value encountered for each pixel on all month layers of seafloor temperature over [2005-2012], modified from WOCE

Value range: -2.1 - 11.6431

Units: degrees C

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

45. Layer name: seafloor_temp_2005_2012_sd

Description: Standard deviation seafloor temperature over [2005-2012] (of all monthly layers), modified from WOCE

Value range: 0.002843571 - 2.877084

Units: degrees C

Source: Derived from World Ocean Circulation Experiment 2013

URL: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/woa13/woa13data.html

46. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_ampli

Description: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) number of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: integer values 0 - 3

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

47. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_max

Description: Maximum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: integer values 0 - 5

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

48. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_mean

Description: Mean of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: 0 - 3.875

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

49. Layer name: extreme_event_max_chl_2005_2012_min

Description: Minimum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: integer values 0 - 5

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

50. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_ampli

Description: Amplitude (difference maximum-minimum) number of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: integer values 0 - 9

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

51. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_max

Description: Maximum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: integer values 0 - 11

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

52. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_mean

Description: Mean of the number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: 0 - 11

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

53. Layer name: extreme_event_min_chl_2005_2012_min

Description: Minimum number of extreme events calculated between 2005 and 2012

Value range: integer values 0 - 11

Units: unitless

Source: derived from chlorophyll-a concentration layers

54. Layer name: extreme_event_min_oxy_1955_2012_nb

Description: Number of extreme events (minimal seafloor oxygen concentration records) that happened between January and December of the year

Value range: integer values 0 - 12

Units: per year

Source: derived from seafloor oxygen concentration layers

55. Layer name: extreme_event_max_sali_2005_2012_nb

Description: Number of extreme events (maximal seafloor salinity records) that happened between January and December of the year

Value range: integer values 0 - 12

Units: per year

Source: derived from seafloor salinity layers

56. Layer name: extreme_event_min_sali_2005_2012_nb

Description: Number of extreme events (minimal seafloor salinity records) that happened between January and December of the year

Value range: integer values 0 - 12

Units: per year

Source: derived from seafloor salinity layers

57. Layer name: extreme_event_max_temp_2005_2012_nb

Description: Number of extreme events (maximal seafloor temperature records) that happened between January and December of the year

Value range: integer values 0 - 12

Units: per year

Source: derived from seafloor temperature layers

58. Layer name: extreme_event_min_temp_2005_2012_nb

Description: Number of extreme events (minimal seafloor temperature records) that happened between January and December of the year

Value range: integer values 0 - 12

Units: per year

Source: derived from seafloor temperature layers