Southern Ocean Sea Ice Extent and Area

This indicator is no longer maintained, and is considered OBSOLETE.


INDICATOR DEFINITION

The northern limit of the pack ice as defined by the 15% concentration of sea ice determined by the SSM/I instrument or its replacement.


TYPE OF INDICATOR

There are three types of indicators used in this report:

1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system;

2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system;

3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system.


This indicator is one of: CONDITION


RATIONALE FOR INDICATOR SELECTION

Climate is affected by complex interactions between the sea ice and the atmosphere and ocean. The sea ice extent and concentration is determined by the oceanic and atmospheric forcing. There is evidence of variations in the sea ice extent and concentration on a synoptic time scale as storms pass through the region, and variations in sea ice extent on a multi-year time frame with forcing caused by the Antarctic circumpolar wave. Over the past 20 years, there is limited evidence of an increase in spatial ice extent and in the length of time that ice is present. Continued monitoring of sea ice extent and concentration may provide insights into the dynamics of the Southern Ocean and help to predict future climate.


DESIGN AND STRATEGY FOR INDICATOR MONITORING PROGRAM

NASA uses a combination of satellite passive microwave sensors to measure the brightness values over sea ice covered regions. They then use an algorithm (referred to as the 'team' algorithm) to calculate the ice concentration and to determine the ice edge. The data are available globally on a daily or monthly basis.


RESEARCH ISSUES

Currently, NASA intends to maintain a series of satellite microwave sensors to continue to monitor sea ice extent and concentration. Ongoing research to interpret the data are currently being carried out at the AAD and the Antarctic and Southern Ocean CRC.


Links with other indicators

The sea ice extent and concentration has a large impact on the surface salinity and temperatures. Thus strong links with sea surface salinity and sea surface temperatures.

Simple

Identification info

Alternate title
Southern Ocean Sea Ice Extent and Area
Date (Publication)
2001-09-03
Edition
1
Citation identifier
Dataset DOI

Title
Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system
Date (Publication)
2012-04-23
Citation identifier
ISO 26324:2012

Citation identifier
doi:10.26179/5d37f84cbf569

Originator

Allison, I.

Publisher

Australian Antarctic Data Centre

Principal investigator

ALLISON, IAN
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Collaborator

ALLISON, IAN
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia
Name
CAASM Metadata
Website
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/SOE_seaice

Status
Completed

Custodian

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia
Topic category
  • Oceans

Extent

N
S
E
W


Extent

Description
Temporal Coverage

Temporal extent

TimePeriod
1980-01-01
Title
Antarctic sea ice growth and oceanic heat flux.
Date (Publication)
1981
Citation identifier
131

Author

Allison, I.

Publisher

IAHS Publication
Name
Sea level, ice and climate change.
Page
161-170
Title
East Antarctic Sea ice: Observations and Modelling.
Date (Publication)
1998
Citation identifier
27

Author

Worby, A.P., Wu, X.
Name
Annals of Glaciology
Page
427-432
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > ICE EXTENT
  • EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > SEA ICE CONCENTRATION
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > ICE EXTENT
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > SEA ICE CONCENTRATION
Keywords
  • SEA ICE
  • SEA ICE CONCENTRATION
  • STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
  • SEA ICE EXTENT
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • VISUAL OBSERVATIONS
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • FIELD SURVEYS
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • AMD/AU
  • CEOS
  • AMD
  • ACE/CRC
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN
  • GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Resource constraints

Use limitation
This metadata record is publicly available.

Resource constraints

Access constraints
licence
Other constraints
The data from this indicator are available for download from the provided URL.

Resource constraints

File type
Portable Network Graphic
Linkage
Creative Commons by Attribution logo

Title
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Legal code for Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0 International license

Use constraints
licence
Other constraints
This data set conforms to the CCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=SOE_seaice when using these data.
Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Distributor

Fees
Free
Planned available datetime
2001-09-03T00:00:00
Units of distribution
kb
Transfer size
3
Distribution format
  • csv

OnLine resource
GET DATA

Download the data

OnLine resource
GET DATA

The monthly and daily averaged sea ice concentrations available via ftp from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)

OnLine resource
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION

Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset

Resource lineage

Statement
This indicator is now OBSOLETE. These data are no longer archived in this location, and are therefore not up-to-date. Sea ice extent and concentration is measured using satellite based passive microwave instruments. The outer limit of the pack ice is defined as 15% concentration. The monthly and daily averaged sea ice concentrations are freely available via ftp from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), or via the NASA Earth Observation System (EOS) database.
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Maintenance and update frequency
As needed
Maintenance note
2001-10-23, references added CJD 2002-12-06, JWH moved analysis of indicator data to quality section. 2005-08-03, DJC changed investigator from Vicky Lytle to Ian Allison. 2013-07-24 - record updated by Dave Connell to note that the indicator is now obsolete. 2019-07-24 - record updated by Dave Connell - basic updates.

Metadata

Metadata identifier
string/SOE_seaice

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Author

DAVIS, COLIN JOHN
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Sponsor

Australian Antarctic Division

Owner

AADC

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
d0e0025a-3d17-4f75-bd5c-0925c9dadcea

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Date (Last Revision)
2019-07-24T16:16:40

Identifier

Description
metadata.extraction_date

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
8.6

Metadata linkage
http://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/SOE_seaice

Point of truth for the metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2001-09-02T00:00:00
Date info (Last Update)
2019-07-24

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-3
Edition
2014
Other citation details
Version 1
Title
DIF to ISO 19115-1 Profile
 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords


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Associated resources

Not available