Macquarie Island Penguin Colonies, 1911-1980
This dataset contains information on the distribution of Penguins and their breeding colonies in the Australian Antarctic sector, as of 1983. It forms Australia's contribution to the International Survey of Antarctic Seabirds (ISAS). The results are listed in the documentation. These include counts of chicks, adults and nests, as well as colony distribution maps. The survey includes Emperor Penguins, Adelie Penguins, King Penguins, Gentoo Penguins, Macaroni Penguins, Rockhopper Penguins, Chinstrap Penguins and Royal Penguins.
Original data were taken from ANARE Research Notes 9.
Only data from the Australian Antarctic Territory is described in this metadata record.
Images of rough maps detailing the locations of each of the colonies are available for download from the url given below. Observation and count data have been incorporated into the Australian Antarctic Data Centre's Biodiversity Database.
The data are presented in the format of Croxall and Kirkwood (1979) as recommended by the Report of the Subcommittee on Bird Biology held in Pretoria. In the tables all counts are estimates of the number of breeding pairs except where otherwise indicated. The numerical estimates and counts are of three kinds, indicated by the coded N, C or A:
NESTS (N = count of NESTS or breeding/incubating pairs)
The most accurate count of breeding pairs is that derived from a count of nests. This is usually carried out during incubation, but may also be made while chicks are still in the nest, before creches are formed. Such counts are only underestimates of breeding pairs by the number of breeding failures sustained between egg laying and the date of the count.
CHICKS (C = count of CHICKS)
Late in the breeding season the only counts possible are those of chicks. In general most pygosceild penguins raise one chick per pair per season, so a count of chicks gives a reasonable approximation of the original number of breeding pairs. However, season to season variation in breeding success can often be considerable. For example Yeates (1968) reports breeding success in Adelie Penguins at Cape Royds of twenty-six per cent, forty-seven per cent and sixty-eight per cent ever three seasons. Also, Macaroni Penguins only raise approximately 0.5 chicks per pair per season, so that chick counts of this species may be a considerable underestimate of the true breeding population.
ADULTS (A = count of ADULTS)
Many colony counts and estimates were expressed as total number of birds or adults. These figures are difficult to interpret as they depend on the time during the breeding season at which they were made. For some days prior to and until laying is finished, both birds of a pair will be present at the nest site while during incubation it is more likely that only one bird will be present. A further problem with counts of 'birds' is that they may include individuals who are not breeding and this gives an overestimate of the true breeding population. The counts of 'birds' or 'adults' which appear unqualified in log books have been divided by two to give an estimate of the number of breeding pairs. It must be stressed therefore that these counts are the least accurate.
The degree of accuracy of these counts is inevitably highly variable and it is often difficult to ascertain on what basis a figure was arrived at. For the present survey counts have been allocated to one of five degrees of accuracy.
1. Pairs/nests essentially individually counted. The count is probably accurate to better than + 5 per cent.
2. Numbers of pairs in a known area counted individually and knowing the total area of the colony, the overall total calculated. This technique is useful for very large colonies.
3. Accurate estimates; + 10-15 per cent accuracy.
4. Rough estimate; accurate to 25-50 per cent.
5. Guesstimate; to nearest order of magnitude.
Many references are in the form ANARE (Johnstone) or simply ANARE. These refer to unpublished reports extracted from ANARE station biology logs. Those in the form Budd (1961) refer to published records and are listed in the references at the end of this publication.
The locations of some colonies are indicated on maps. Place names that (as of 1983) have not yet been approved are shown in the tables and on the maps in parentheses, for example: (ROCKERY ISLAND).
Simple
Identification info
- Alternate title
- Macquarie Island Penguin Colonies, 1911-1980
- Date (Publication)
- 2003-11-27
- Edition
- 1
- Citation identifier
-
Dataset DOI
- Title
- Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system
- Date (Publication)
- 2012-04-23
- Citation identifier
- ISO 26324:2012
- Citation identifier
- doi:10.26179/5c4a470f42e40
Originator
Publisher
Principal investigator
Collaborator
- Name
- CAASM Metadata
- Status
- Completed
Custodian
- Topic category
-
- Biota
- Oceans
Extent
Extent
- Description
- Temporal Coverage
Temporal extent
- TimePeriod
- 1911-01-01 1980-08-08
- Title
- The biotopes of Emperor Penguin Rookeries
- Date (Publication)
- 1961
- Citation identifier
- 61
Author
- Name
- Emu
- Page
- 171-189
- Title
- The distribution of penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula and Islands of the Scotia Sea
- Date (Publication)
- 1979
Author
Publisher
- Title
- The distribution of penguin breeding colonies on the Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard Island, the McDonald Islands, and Macquarie Island
- Date (Publication)
- 1983
- Citation identifier
- 9
Author
- Name
- ANARE Research Notes
- Page
- 82
- NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
-
- EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS
- EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES
- EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS > SPECIES LIFE HISTORY
- EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS > POPULATION DYNAMICS
- EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > COMMUNITY DYNAMICS > COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
- Keywords
-
- GENTOO PENGUIN
- KING PENGUIN
- MACQUARIE ISLAND
- PENGUIN
- ROCKHOPPER PENGUIN
- ROYAL PENGUIN
- NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
-
- VISUAL OBSERVATIONS
- NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
-
- FIELD SURVEYS
- NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
-
- AMD/AU
- CEOS
- AMD
- NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
-
- OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN
- OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN > MACQUARIE ISLAND
- GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR
Resource constraints
- Use limitation
- This metadata record is publicly available.
Resource constraints
- Access constraints
- licence
- Other constraints
- Images of the maps are publicly available for download from the provided URL. Observation and count data have been incorporated into the Australian Antarctic Data Centre's Biodiversity Database (see the provided URL).
Resource constraints
- File type
- Portable Network Graphic
- Title
- Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
- Website
-
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Legal code for Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0 International license
- Use constraints
- licence
- Other constraints
- This data set conforms to the CCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=Macca_Penguins_1911-1980 when using these data.
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Distribution Information
Distributor
Distributor
Distributor
- Fees
- free
- Planned available datetime
- 2003-11-27T00:00:00
- Units of distribution
- KB
- Transfer size
- 130
- Distribution format
-
- jpg
- OnLine resource
-
GET DATA
Download point for the data.
- OnLine resource
-
GET DATA
Biodiversity Database
- OnLine resource
-
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset
Resource lineage
- Statement
- The dataset includes all known AAT and sub-Antarctic island data, up to 1983. This dataset is a collation of all published and unpublished data concerning the distribution and abundance of all penguin species breeding within the Australian Antarctic Territory and the sub-Antarctic Islands Heard Island, McDonald Islands and Macquarie Islands.
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Maintenance and update frequency
- As needed
- Maintenance note
- 2019-01-25 - record updated by Dave Connell - basic updates.
Metadata
- Metadata identifier
- string/Macca_Penguins_1911-1980
- Language
- English
- Character encoding
- UTF8
Author
Sponsor
Owner
Type of resource
- Resource scope
- Dataset
Alternative metadata reference
- Title
- gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
- Citation identifier
- a0eccb08-ed5f-4193-a718-c716f342bdb3
Alternative metadata reference
- Title
- gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
- Date (Last Revision)
- 2019-01-25T09:55:37
Identifier
- Description
- metadata.extraction_date
Alternative metadata reference
- Title
- gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
- Citation identifier
- 8.6
- Metadata linkage
-
http://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Macca_Penguins_1911-1980
Point of truth for the metadata record
- Date info (Creation)
- 2003-11-27T00:00:00
- Date info (Last Update)
- 2019-01-25
Metadata standard
- Title
- ISO 19115-3
- Edition
- 2014
- Other citation details
- Version 1
- Title
- DIF to ISO 19115-1 Profile