The role of the Southern Ocean in the carbon cycle

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 133

See the link below for public details on this project.


Surface carbon dioxide (CO2) observations are integral to understanding the role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle, and to developing reliable predictions of biogeochemical responses to altered climatic conditions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) observations made in surface waters of the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean between the years 1991 and 2002 were used to estimate the seasonal variability in the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and net air-sea carbon fluxes. The results showed a net annual uptake of CO2 by the surface ocean over the entire region. The greatest seasonal uptake and lowest fCO2 values were observed in Spring/Summer in the sub-Antarctic zone (SAZ: 44 degrees S-50 degrees S) and in the Seasonal Sea-ice Zone (SIZ: south of 62 degrees S). The seasonal maximum in uptake for these regions is consistent with increased phytoplankton biomass and shoaling mixed layers over the Spring/Summer period. The High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll waters between 50 degrees S and 62 degrees S, also had maximum uptake in summer, but less compared to the SAZ and SIZ regions. Winter surface waters were close to or slightly above equilibrium, with respect to atmospheric CO2. The reduced uptake in winter appeared due to deeper mixing, lower biomass, and air-sea CO2 exchange. The highest fCO2 values in Winter were observed under or near the seasonal sea-ice where entrainment of deeper CO2-rich waters and ice cover would maintain high surface fCO2 values. The smallest seasonal amplitude in the surface fCO2 and net air-sea fluxes was found from 51 degrees S to 54 degrees S, a region on the southern edge of the SAZ and between the North sub-Antarctic Front and North Polar Front. The uptake estimates derived from the data were in good agreement with the CO2 flux climatology of Takahashi (2002), except in the SAZ and SIZ where we observed greater and less uptake, respectively.


Data for this project are available for download - the dataset consists of a data files, and some excel files, which provide further information about each data file (cruise, dates, etc).


Furthermore, the column headings used in the data files are as follows:


Cruise - name of the cruise which collected the data

Date - UTC

Time - in UTC

Latitude - decimal

Longitude - decimal

Sst - Sea Surface Temperature in degrees C

Teq - Temperature of surface water at which the CO2 measurement is made.

Sal - Salinity

Patm - atmospheric pressure in hectopascals

Shipspd - ship speed in knots

Windspd - wind speed in knots

Winddir - wind direction in degrees

xCO2 - Mole fraction of CO2 in air (dry) equilibrated with surface water and at equilibrator water temperature

xCO2air - Mole fraction of CO2 in atmosphere, dry

pCO2 - partial pressure of carbon dioxide in surface water

Simple

Identification info

Alternate title
The role of the Southern Ocean in the carbon cycle
Date (Publication)
2010-03-12
Edition
1

Originator

Tilbrook, B.

Publisher

Australian Antarctic Data Centre

Principal investigator

TILBROOK, BRONTE
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
GPO BOX 1538
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia

Collaborator

TILBROOK, BRONTE
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
GPO BOX 1538
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia
Name
CAASM Metadata
Website
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_133

Status
Completed

Custodian

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia
Topic category
  • Biota
  • Oceans

Extent

N
S
E
W


Extent

Description
Temporal Coverage

Temporal extent

TimePeriod
1989-09-30 1999-03-31
Title
Calcification morphotypes of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data
Date (Publication)
2007
Citation identifier
348

Author

Cubillos J.C., Wright S.W., Nash G., de Salas M.F., Griffiths B., Tilbrook B., Poisson A., Hallegraeff G.M.
Name
Marine Ecology Progress
Page
47-54
Title
Continuous High-Frequency Dissolved O2/Ar Measurements
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
81

Author

Cassar N., Barnett B.A., Bender M.L., Kaiser J., Hamme R.C., Tilbrook B.
Name
Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry
Issue identification
5
Page
1855-1864
Title
Surface Ocean CO2 Variability and Vulnerability
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
56

Author

Doney S.C., Tilbrook B., Roy S., Metzl N., Le Quere C., Hood M., Feely R.A., Bakker D
Name
Deep-Sea Research II
Issue identification
8-10
Page
504-511
Title
Climatological Mean and Decadal Change in Surface Ocean pCO2 and Net Sea-air CO2 Flux over the Global Oceans
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
v

Author

Takahashi T., Sutherland S.C., Wanninkhof R., Sweeney C., Feely R.A., Chipman D.W., Hales B., Friederich G., Chavez F., Watson A., Bakker D.C.E., Schuster U., Metzl N., Yoshikawa-Inoue H., Ishii M., Midorikawa H., Sabine C., Hoppema M., Olafsson J., Arnarson T.S., Tilbrook B., Johannessen T., Olsen A., Bellerby R., de Baar H.J.W., Nojiri Y., Wong C.S., Delille B., Bates N.R.
Name
Deep-Sea Research II
Issue identification
8-10
Page
554-577
Title
Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA database in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
Date (Publication)
2010
Citation identifier
2

Author

Lo Monaco C., Alvarez M., Key R.M., Lin X., Tanhua T., Tilbrook B., Bakker D., van Heuven S., Hoppema M., Metzl N., Rios A., Sabine C., Velo A.
Name
Earth System Science Data
Page
51-70
Title
A seasonal carbon budget for the sub-Antarctic Ocean
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
115

Author

McNeil B.I., Tilbrook B.
Name
South of Australia Marine Chemistry
Issue identification
3-4
Page
196-210
Title
Dedication to Dr Taro Takahashi
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
56

Author

Metzl N., Tilbrook B., Doney S.C., Le Quere C., Feely R.A, Bakker D., Roy S.
Name
Deep-Sea Research Part II - Topical Studies in Oceanography
Issue identification
8-10
Page
503
Title
Corrigendum to "Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans"
Date (Publication)
2009

Author

Takahashi T., Sutherland S.C., Wanninkhof R., Sweeney C., Feely R.A., Chipman D.W., Hales B., Friederich G., Chavez F., Watson A., Bakker D.C.E., Schuster U., Metzl N., Yoshikawa-Inoue H., Ishii M., Midorikawa H., Sabine C., Hoppema M., Olafsson J., Arnarson T.S., Tilbrook B., Johannessen T., Olsen A., Bellerby R., de Baar H.J.W., Nojiri Y., Wong C.S., Delille B., Bates N.R.
Name
Deep Sea Res. II
Page
554-577
Title
Inter-annual variability of the carbon dioxide oceanic sink south of Tasmania
Date (Publication)
2008
Citation identifier
5

Author

Borges A.V., Tilbrook B., Metzl N., Lenton A., Delille B.
Name
Biogeosciences
Issue identification
1
Page
141-155
Title
Response to comment on the Southern Ocean biological response to Aeolian iron deposition
Date (Publication)
2008
Citation identifier
319

Citation identifier
10.1126/science.1150011/ISSN 0036-8075

Author

Cassar N., Bender M.L., Barnett B.A., Fan S.M., Moxim W.J,, Levy H., Tilbrook B.
Name
Science
Issue identification
5860
Title
The Southern Ocean biological response to Aeolian iron deposition
Date (Publication)
2007
Citation identifier
317

Author

Cassar N., Bender M.L., Barnett B.A., Fan S., Moxim W.J., Levy H., Tilbrook B.
Name
Science
Issue identification
5841
Page
1067-1070
Title
The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2
Date (Publication)
2004
Citation identifier
305

Author

Sabine C.L., Feely R.A., Gruber N., Key R.M., Lee K., Bullister J.L., Wanninkhof R., Wong C.S., Wallace D.W.R., Tilbrook B., Millero F.J., Peng T-H., Kozyr A., Ono T., Rios A.F.
Name
Science
Page
367-371
Title
Changes of the oceanic CO2 sink in the Eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean Tellus Series B
Date (Publication)
2006
Citation identifier
58

Author

Breviere E., Metzl N., Poisson A., Tilbrook B.
Name
Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Issue identification
5
Page
438-446
Title
Design of an observational strategy for quantifying the Southern Ocean uptake of CO2
Date (Publication)
2006
Citation identifier
20

Citation identifier
GB4010

Citation identifier
doi:10.1029/2005GB002620

Author

Lenton A., Matear R.J., Tilbrook B.
Name
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Issue identification
4
Title
Consistency and synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO2 survey data
Date (Publication)
2002
Citation identifier
49

Author

Lamb M.F., Sabine C.L., Feely R.A., Wanninkhof R., Key R.M., Johnson G.C., Millero F.J., Lee K., Peng T-H., Kozyr A., Bullister J.L., Greeley D., Byrne R.H., Chipman D.W., Dickson A.G., Goyet C., Guenther P.R., Ishii M., Johnson K.M., Keeling C.A., Ono T., Shitashima K., Tilbrook B., Takahashi T., Wallace D.W.R., Watanabe Y., Winn C., Wong C.S.
Name
Deep-Sea Research Part II - Topical Studies in Oceanography
Issue identification
1-3
Page
21-58
Title
Distribution of anthropogenic CO2 in the Pacific Ocean
Date (Publication)
2002
Citation identifier
16

Citation identifier
10.1029/2001GB001639

Author

Sabine C.L., Feely R.A., Key R.M., Bullister J.L., Millero F.J., Lee K., Peng T.H., Tilbrook B., Ono T., Wong C.S.
Name
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Issue identification
4
Page
1083
Title
Global sea-air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2 and seasonal biological and temperature effects
Date (Publication)
2002
Citation identifier
9-10

Author

Takahashi T., Sutherland S.C., Sweeney C., Metzl N., Poisson A., Tilbrook B., Bates N., Wanninkhof R., Feely R., Sabine C., Olafsson J., Nojiri Y.
Name
Deep-Sea Research Part II - Topical Studies in Oceanography 49
Page
1601-1622
Title
Accumulation ad uptake of anthropogenic CO2 in the Southern Ocean, south of Australia between 1968 and 1996
Date (Publication)
2001
Citation identifier
106

Author

McNeil B.I., Tilbrook B., Matear R.J.
Name
Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans
Issue identification
C12
Page
31431-31445
Title
Does carbon13 track anthropogenic CO2 in the Southern Ocean?
Date (Publication)
2001
Citation identifier
15

Author

McNeil B.I., Matear R.J, Tilbrook B.
Name
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Issue identification
3
Page
597-613
Title
The international at-sea intercomparison of fCO2 systems during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean
Date (Publication)
2000
Citation identifier
72

Author

Kortzinger A., Mintrop L., Wallace D.W.R., Johnson K.M., Neill C., Tilbrook B., Towler P., Inoue H.Y., Ishii M., Shaffer G., Torres Saavedra R.F., Ohtaki E., Yamashita E., Poisson A., Brunet C., Schauer B., Goyet C., Eischeid G.
Name
Marine Chemistry
Issue identification
2-4
Page
171-192
Title
The annual fCO2 cycle and the air-sea CO2 flux in the sub-Antarctic Ocean Tellus Series B
Date (Publication)
1999
Citation identifier
51

Author

Metzl N., Tilbrook B., Poisson A.
Name
Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Issue identification
4
Page
849-861
Title
Controls on the carbon isotopic composition of Southern Ocean phytoplankton.
Date (Publication)
1999
Citation identifier
13

Author

Popp B.N., Trull T., Kenig F., Wakeham S.G., Rust T.M., Tilbrook B., Griffiths F.B., Wright S.W., Marchant H.J., Bidigare R.R., Laws E.A.
Name
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Issue identification
4
Page
827-843
Title
Euphotic zone variations in bulk and compound-specific ? 13 C of suspended organic matter in the subantarctic ocean, south of Australia
Date (Publication)
2001
Edition
106
Citation identifier
C12

Author

O'Leary T., Trull T. W., Griffiths F. B., Tilbrook B., Revill A. T.
Name
Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue identification
31,669-31,684
Title
Sensitivity of a13C of Southern Ocean suspended and sinking organic matter to temperature, nutrient utilization, and atmospheric CO2
Date (Publication)
2004
Citation identifier
51

Author

Lourey M.J., Trull T.W., Tilbrook B.
Name
Deep-Sea Research Part I
Page
281-305
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN WINDS > SURFACE WINDS
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY
  • EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS > NUTRIENT CYCLING
Keywords
  • Carbon
  • Southern Ocean
  • Ocean acidification
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • SHIPS
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • AMD/AU
  • CEOS
  • AMD
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN
  • GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Resource constraints

Use limitation
This metadata record is publicly available.

Resource constraints

Access constraints
licence
Other constraints
These data are available for download from the provided URL. Also check the Pangaea database and the SOCAT database for these and other carbon datasets (see provided URLs).

Resource constraints

File type
Portable Network Graphic
Linkage
Creative Commons by Attribution logo

Title
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Legal code for Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0 International license

Use constraints
licence
Other constraints
This data set conforms to the CCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference at the provided http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=ASAC_133 when using these data.
Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Distributor

Fees
Free
Planned available datetime
2010-03-12T00:00:00

Distributor

Fees
Free
Planned available datetime
2010-03-12T00:00:00
Units of distribution
MB
Transfer size
5
Distribution format
  • dat

Units of distribution
kb
Transfer size
326
Distribution format
  • Excel

OnLine resource
GET DATA

Download point for the data files

OnLine resource
GET DATA

Download point for more details about the dataset

OnLine resource
GET DATA

Find ocean carbon datasets at Pangaea

OnLine resource
GET DATA

Find ocean carbon datasets at the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas

OnLine resource
PROJECT HOME PAGE

Public information for ASAC project 133

OnLine resource
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION

Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset

Resource lineage

Statement
Values provided in temporal and spatial coverage are approximate only.
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Maintenance and update frequency
As needed
Maintenance note
2010-05-06 - record updated by Dave Connell after data were submitted by Bronte Tilbrook. 2014-02-21 - record updated by Dave Connell to add links to Pangaea and SOCAT. 2015-08-25 - record updated by Dave Connell - Basic updates.

Metadata

Metadata identifier
string/ASAC_133

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Author

TILBROOK, BRONTE
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
GPO BOX 1538
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia

Sponsor

CSIRO

Owner

AADC

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
a935b840-9538-4f85-beed-ae0f42cb16fb

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Date (Last Revision)
2015-11-29T18:21:27

Identifier

Description
metadata.extraction_date

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
8.6

Metadata linkage
http://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_133

Point of truth for the metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2000-07-19T00:00:00
Date info (Last Update)
2017-04-26

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-3
Edition
2014
Other citation details
Version 1
Title
DIF to ISO 19115-1 Profile
 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

N
S
E
W


Keywords


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