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Sea ice primary production off eastern Antarctica

Sea ice covers up to 20 million km2 of the Southern Ocean. When present it supports a vigorous ecosystem that provides energy and food for all other marine organisms. Using the latest micro sensor technology, we are examining the factors that effect the productivity of this vital link in the Antarctic marine food web.

New data were added to this metadata record in January 2011. These data included FRRF data collected on the CEAMARC, CASO, SIPEX and SAZ-SENSE voyages. A word document in the download file provides details about these datasets, plus those collected on Voyage 1 2009-2010, and voyage 2 2008-2009.

The download file also contains a folder labelled "Older data". This data is described below:

An explanation of the excel spreadsheet in the download file is as follows:

Worksheet 1 is the chlorophyll data

Worksheet 3 is the location data

CHLOROPHYLL DATA

Column A is sample name, the first letter refers to the location data in worksheet 3, the second to the ice flow number and the third to the replicate number Section refers to depth in ice core, measured from the bottom

Ignore C

Column D is the total volume of melted ice

Column E is the volume of D that was filtered

Column G is the Fluorometer reading before the addition dilute HCl

Column H is the fluorometer reading after the addition of acid

Column I is the calculation of chlorophyl concentration in the sample

Column K is areal chlorophyll estimate

Column L is the mean for the core

Column N is the mean for the site

Column O is the standard deviation

LOCATION DATA

Lat, longs and times of each sampling. The first set (B-G) refers to the time sampling started, the second (H-M) to when it finished

Project objectives:

- Determine the net photosynthesis and primary productivity of the phytoplankton and major sea ice algal communities of the Eastern Antarctic Sea Ice Zone (SIZ). Estimate seasonal and annual algal production and inter annual variability

- Obtain data on biomass distribution and variability to establish regional relationships between ice thickness, snow cover, and biomass

- Determine the effects of

a) Light

b) Nutrients (principally nitrate and iron)

c) Temperature

on photosynthesis and primary production

- Determine whether the biomass and productivity of the phytoplankton and sea ice algae in winter and spring limits the biomass or growth of krill

- Estimate the effects of climate change on Sea ice Zone primary production

Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report:

Progress against objectives:

This project used V2, a spring voyage, to collect underway data to determine surface biomass and primary production. Biomass samples (chlorophyll a) were taken every 3 hours. Productivity estimates by PAM were also made every 3 hours. Productivity measurements by FRRF were made every 1 minute. Nutrient samples were taken at the same time as the biomass samples.

Analysis of the biomass samples is complete. Preliminary analysis of the productivity data has commenced. This data is being used for a Masters project (Rob Johnson, IASOS).

An iron addition experiment accompanied this monitoring. Iron was added to samples taken every 3 hours and the change in photosynthesis (maximum quantum yield) measured with a PAM. The rate of recovery from iron stress was the principal focus.

Most of this data has been submitted as metadata.

Using The PAM and FRRF simultaneously also enabled a comparison to be made between these different ways of measuring photosynthesis.

Progress was also made on the analysis of FRRF productivity and biomass data collected over several years on the L'Astrolabe transect. Analysis involves quantitative manipulation of FRRF data and correlation with chlorophyll, nutrients, temperature and other biological parameters. A publication arising from this work will be submitted this year.

Taken from the 2009-2010 Progress Report:

Progress against objectives:

We participated in V1 of the Aurora Australis, spring 2009. The objective of this project was to measure surface primary production off East Antarctica. Photosynthetic parameters of phytoplankton under actinic light (L) as well as in darkness (D) were measured using a fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF). The parameters included the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/FmL,D), the functional absorption cross section of photosystem II (sPSII,L,D) and a turnover time of electron transfer (tL,D). Chlorophyll a concentration was measured by using Turner fluorometer. The photosynthetic parameters, irradiance and chlorophyll a concentration will then be used to estimate primary production of phytoplankton.

This field program particularly focussed on the first of the listed objectives, ie 'Determine the net photosynthesis and primary productivity of the phytoplankton and major sea ice algal communities of the Eastern Antarctic Sea Ice Zone (SIZ). Estimate seasonal and annual algal production and inter annual variability'. We have been collecting FRRF-based primary production data from each season and the 2009 data provides the late spring data to supplement data from autumn, winter and summer, collected in previous seasons. We have now built up a comprehensive assessment of season variability which will enable a reliable estimate of annual primary production. These analyses will also provide a detailed snap shot of primary production with which to compare future changes.

Preliminary analysis shows clear patterns of variation in Fv/Fm, a parameter that is particularly sensitive to low iron concentration. This data is shown on an accompanying diagram. Productivity analysis is still underway. Much of the work for this project forms part of the PhD project of Cheah Wee.Wee is expected to finish his PhD by December 2010 and it is anticipated that all data analysis for the project will have been completed and the finished manuscripts submitted for publication. He has already had one manuscript form this project accepted (Cheah et al, 2010).

Simple

Identification info

Alternate title
Sea ice primary production off eastern Antarctica
Date (Publication)
2015-06-01
Edition
1
Citation identifier
Dataset DOI

Title
Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system
Date (Publication)
2012-04-23
Citation identifier
ISO 26324:2012

Citation identifier
doi:10.4225/15/556BD6F6BEC63

Originator

McMinn, A.

Publisher

Australian Antarctic Data Centre

Principal investigator

MCMINN, ANDREW
Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies
University of Tasmania
Private Bag 77
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia
+61 3 6266 2980
+61 3 6226 2973 (facsimile)

Collaborator

MCMINN, ANDREW
Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies
University of Tasmania
Private Bag 77
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia
+61 3 6266 2980
+61 3 6226 2973 (facsimile)
Name
CAASM Metadata
Website
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_1307

Status
Completed

Custodian

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia
+61 3 6232 3244
+61 3 6232 3351 (facsimile)
Topic category
  • Biota
  • Oceans

Extent

N
S
E
W


Extent

Description
Temporal Coverage

Temporal extent

TimePeriod
2003-09-26 2010-03-31
Title
In situ oxygen microelectrode measurements of bottom-ice algal production in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.
Date (Publication)
2002
Citation identifier
25

Author

Trenerry L.J., McMinn A., Ryan K.G.
Name
Polar Biology
Page
72-80
Title
Mycosporine-Line Amino Acids in Antarctic Sea Ice Algae, and Their Response to UVB Radiation.
Date (Publication)
2002
Citation identifier
57

Author

Ryan K.G., McMinn A., Mitchell K.A., Trenerry L.
Name
Verlag der Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung
Page
471-477
Title
Early Spring pack ice algae from the Arctic and Antarctic: how different are they
Date (Publication)
2003

Author

McMinn A., Hegseth E.N.

Publisher

Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam
Name
Huiskes A.H.L., Gieskes W.W.C. Antarctic Biology in a Global Context.Proceedings of the VIIIth SCAR International biology symposium. 27 August - 1 September 2001
Page
182-186
Title
Algal biomass in east Antarctic Pack Ice: how much is in the east?
Date (Publication)
2003

Author

Grose M., McMinn A.

Publisher

Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam
Name
Huiskes A.H.L., Gieskes W.W.C. Antarctic Biology in a Global Context. Proceedings of the VIIIth SCAR International biology symposium. 27 August - 1 September 2001
Page
21-25
Title
Iron availability regulates growth, photosynthesis and production of ferredoxin and flavodoxin in Antarctic sea ice diatoms.
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
4

Author

Pankowski, A. McMinn, A.
Name
Aquatic Biology
Page
273-288
Title
Development of immunoassays for the iron- regulated proteins Ferredoxin and flavodoxin in polar microalgae
Date (Publication)
2009
Citation identifier
45

Author

Pankowski, A., McMinn, A.
Name
Journal of Phycology
Page
771-783
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > CHLOROPHYLL
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PLANTS
  • EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PIGMENTS > CHLOROPHYLL
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS > PRIMARY PRODUCTION
Keywords
  • CHLOROPHYLL
  • FLUOROMETER
  • LOCATION
  • SOUTHERN OCEAN
  • VOLUME
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • FLUOROMETERS
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • SHIPS
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • AMD/AU
  • CEOS
  • AMD
  • ARCTIC
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN
  • OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN
  • GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Resource constraints

Use limitation
This metadata record is publicly available.

Resource constraints

Access constraints
licence
Other constraints
These data are publicly available for download from the provided URL.

Resource constraints

File type
Portable Network Graphic
Linkage
Creative Commons by Attribution logo

Title
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Legal code for Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0 International license

Use constraints
licence
Other constraints
This data set conforms to the CCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=ASAC_1307 when using these data.
Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia
+61 3 6232 3244
+61 3 6232 3351 (facsimile)

Distributor

Fees
free
Planned available datetime
2015-06-01T00:00:00
Units of distribution
MB
Transfer size
6
Distribution format
  • Excel, csv, Word

OnLine resource
GET DATA

Download point for the data

OnLine resource
PROJECT HOME PAGE

Public information for ASAC project 1307

OnLine resource
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION

Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset

Resource lineage

Statement
The values provided in temporal and spatial coverage are approximate only: Taken from the 2008-2009 Progress Report: Difficulties affecting project: We have had ongoing technical issue with the FRRF. The instrument has been returned to British manufacturer (Chelsea) for the past 2 years. The instrument was fully tested on board before departure but still developed technical problems shortly after leaving. With the help of an AAD technician, the instrument was able to fully operate. Taken from the 2009-2010 Progress Report: Field work: We participated in V1 of the Aurora Australis in spring 2009. The focus of the work this season was collecting continuous primary production measurements using a fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF). We have developed a deck incubator system which allows us to measure surface primary production continuously. Previous applications of this equipment have either required CTD deployments for vertical primary production measurements or lab based measurements of photosynthetic stress. Seawater from 6 metres depth was continuously supplied to the FRRF incubator located on the helideck. The seawater was directed to FRRF measuring chamber where chlorophyll a fluorescence emitted by phytoplankton was measured every minute. Chlorophyll a concentration was determined by filtering 1 L of seawater through 47 mm diameter Whatman GF/F filters, which were immediately added with 10 ml of methanol and stored in 4 degree Celsius refrigerator for 8 to 24 hours. Samples were taken every 4 hours. Seawater was also collected and preserved in Lugol's iodine and brought back to University of Tasmania where species identification will be carried out. Measurement of phytoplankton parameters and chlorophyll a concentration were carried out on both south and northbound transects. Once a day the data from the FRRF was uploaded to computer and the lenses of the FRRF were cleaned. Laboratory activity/analysis: Chlorophyll determinations using a Turner 10AU Fluormeter and the acidification method oh Holm Hansen (1976) were completed on board. Phytoplankton species analysis using light microscopy and SEM is underway as part.
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Maintenance and update frequency
As needed
Maintenance note
2009-04-28 - record updated by Dave Connell from information provided in the progress report. 2010-05-04 - record updated by Dave Connell from information provided in the progress report. 2011-01-13 - record updated by Dave Connell after new data were provided by Andrew McMinn. 2015-05-29 - record updated by Dave Connell - basic updates. 2015-06-01 - record updated by Dave Connell to release the data.

Metadata

Metadata identifier
string/ASAC_1307

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Author

MCMINN, ANDREW
Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies
University of Tasmania
Private Bag 77
Hobart
Tasmania
7001
Australia
+61 3 6266 2980
+61 3 6226 2973 (facsimile)

Sponsor

Australian Antarctic Division

Owner

AADC

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
582b7af3-3e20-40c1-be89-5cd1eaed7ca4

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Date (Last Revision)
2015-11-30T04:50:08

Identifier

Description
metadata.extraction_date

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
8.6

Metadata linkage
http://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/ASAC_1307

Point of truth for the metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2001-04-09T00:00:00
Date info (Last Update)
2017-04-26

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-3
Edition
2014
Other citation details
Version 1
Title
DIF to ISO 19115-1 Profile
 
 

Overviews

Spatial extent

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