Toxicity of fuels and dispersants to the Antarctic marine nemertean Antarctonemertes unilineata

This metadata record contains the results from bioassays conducted to show the response of an Antarctic nemertean Antarctonemertes unilineata to contamination from combinations of Special Antarctic Blend (SAB) diesel, Marine Gas Oil (MGO) and Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO 180), chemically dispersed with fuel dispersants Ardrox 6120, Slickgone LTSW and Slickgone NS. Note that the corresponding PhD thesis chapter refers to the species as Antarctonemertes sp., prior to being named Antarctonemertes unilineata in 2018.


Experiments using SAB, MGO and IFO 180 with the dispersant Ardrox 6120, including fuel only and dispersant only treatments were conducted at Casey station. Experiments involving IFO 180 and the fuel dispersants Slickgone LTSW and Slickgone NS were conducted at the Antarctic Division’s Marine Research Facility quarantine labs. All experimental procedures, including test mix preparation and bioassays were conducted at 0 plus or minus 1 degree C. Water accommodated fractions (WAF; fuel mixed in water) and chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAF) were made according to the specifications of Singer, Aurand et al. (2000), Barron and Ka’aihue (2003) and Kotzakoulakis (unpublished at time of writing). Dispersant only mixes were also made using filtered seawater (FSW) and dispersant volumes proportional to those used for CEWAF production. WAF was made using a loading ratio of 1: 25 (v/v) fuel to FSW, CEWAF was prepared using 1:100 (v/v) fuel to FSW ratio, and 1: 20 (v/v) dispersant to fuel ratio. Following the 48 h preparation time, the seawater WAF components of the mix were drained from the bottom of aspirator bottles and serially diluted. WAF treatment concentrations were 100%, 50%, 20% and 10%, CEWAF and dispersant only concentrations were 10%, 5%, 1% and 0.1%. Treatment solutions were replenished every four days to simulate a repeated pulse exposure to contaminants and to replace hydrocarbons lost through evaporation and adsorption and to maintain water quality parameters. WAF, CEWAF and dispersant only test solutions were remade every four days using identical methods.


Tests were done in temperature-controlled cabinets set to 0 plus or minus 1 degree C following a 6 h light to 18 h dark photoperiod. Beakers were left uncovered to allow for the natural evaporation of lighter hydrocarbon components to reflect real fuel spill conditions. Experiments ran for 24 d except for the Ardrox 6120 only experiment, which ran for 16 d due to high mortality in this treatment. Sublethal and lethal endpoints were assessed at 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20 and 24 d observations.


Aliquot water samples for analysis of total hydrocarbon content (THC) were taken for initial and final test concentrations, and before and after each four-day water change, to obtain accurate profiles of hydrocarbon loss over the test period. Duplicate samples were taken for every treatment concentration and extracted with dichloromethane, spiked with an internal standard of 1-bromoeicosane and cyclooctane. Samples were analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Average THC concentrations for the duration of the experiment were obtained by integrating the measured concentrations to which animals were exposed following the methods of Brown et al. (2016) and Payne et al. (2014).


This data submission includes one file detailing the TPH experiment analyses and one detailing the bioassay tests and results. The thesis that relates to this work is available from: https://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/533/

Simple

Identification info

Alternate title
Toxicity of fuels and dispersants to the Antarctic marine nemertean Antarctonemertes unilineata
Date (Publication)
2019-09-01
Edition
1
Citation identifier
Dataset DOI

Title
Information and documentation - Digital object identifier system
Date (Publication)
2012-04-23
Citation identifier
ISO 26324:2012

Citation identifier
doi:10.26179/5b8cb17153710

Originator

King, C.K., Harrison, P.L. and Alexander, F.J.

Publisher

Australian Antarctic Data Centre

Principal investigator

KING, CATHERINE K.
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Principal investigator

HARRISON, PETER
Southern Cross University
Lismore
New South Wales
2480
Australia

Principal investigator

ALEXANDER, FRANCES J
Southern Cross University
School of Environment, Science and Engineering
Military Rd,
East Lismore
Lismore
NSW
2480
Australia

Collaborator

KING, CATHERINE K.
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Collaborator

HARRISON, PETER
Southern Cross University
Lismore
New South Wales
2480
Australia

Collaborator

ALEXANDER, FRANCES J
Southern Cross University
School of Environment, Science and Engineering
Military Rd,
East Lismore
Lismore
NSW
2480
Australia
Name
CAASM Metadata
Website
https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4142_Nemertean_Toxicity_Dispersants

Purpose
Assessing the toxicity of the water accommodated fractions of three fuels, Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), marine gas oil (MGO) and intermediate fuel oil (1FO 180) and three dispersants Ardrox 6120, Slickgone LTSW and Slickgone NS to an Antarctic nemertean, Antarctonemertes unilineata.
Status
Completed

Custodian

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia
Topic category
  • Biota
  • Environment
  • Oceans

Extent

N
S
E
W


Extent

Description
Temporal Coverage

Temporal extent

TimePeriod
2014-01-03 2015-03-02
Title
A new member of the genus Antarctonemertes (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Antarctic waters.
Date (Publication)
2018
Citation identifier
41

Author

Taboada, S., Leiva, C., Junoy, J., Alexander, F., Riesgo, A.
Name
Polar Biology
Issue identification
7
Page
1463-1473
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOTOXICOLOGY > TOXICITY LEVELS
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOTOXICOLOGY
  • EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOTOXICOLOGY > BIOAVAILABILITY
Keywords
  • MARINE
  • NEMERTEAN
  • ANTARCTONEMERTES
  • SPECIAL ANTARCTIC BLEND DIESEL
  • INTERMEDIATE FUEL OIL
  • MARINE GAS OIL
  • SLICK GONE
  • DISPERSANT
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • GC-MS > Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometry
  • GC-FID > Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • LABORATORY
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • AMD/AU
  • CEOS
  • AMD
NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords
  • GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR
  • CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > Beall Island
  • CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > Casey Station
  • CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > East Antarctica
  • CONTINENT > ANTARCTICA > Windmill Islands

Resource constraints

Use limitation
This metadata record is publicly available.

Resource constraints

Access constraints
licence
Other constraints
These data are currently available only to staff at the Australian Antarctic Division.

Resource constraints

File type
Portable Network Graphic
Linkage
Creative Commons by Attribution logo

Title
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Website
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Legal code for Creative Commons by Attribution 4.0 International license

Use constraints
licence
Other constraints
This data set conforms to the CCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=AAS_4142_Nemertean_Toxicity_Dispersants when using these data.
Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Distribution Information

Distributor

Distributor

AU/AADC > Australian Antarctic Data Centre, Australia - AADC, DATA OFFICER (DATA CENTER CONTACT)
Australian Antarctic Division
203 Channel Highway
Kingston
Tasmania
7050
Australia

Distributor

Fees
Free
Planned available datetime
2019-09-01T00:00:00
Units of distribution
kb
Transfer size
345
Distribution format
  • Excel

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OnLine resource
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Citation reference for this metadata record and dataset.

Resource lineage

Statement
Contamination of hydrocarbon samples when taken for analysis increased difficulty and decreased accuracy of total petroleum hydrocarbon content analysis of samples. The lowest concentrations of 0.1% for chemically dispersed CEWAF contained THC levels below reliable detection limits of the equipment used, therefore 0.1% concentrations were extrapolated based on measured 1% THC concentrations. Analyses of dispersant only treatments using GC-FID were found to be quantitatively unreliable due to imperfect extraction of large amounts of non-hydrocarbon molecules. Dispersant calculations were instead performed based on nominal loading in μL/L, based on the assumption that all dispersants are highly water soluble and therefore likely to be fully incorporated into the water column.
Hierarchy level
Dataset
Maintenance and update frequency
As needed
Maintenance note
2018-09-03 - record created by Frances Alexander. 2019-02-19 - record updated by Dave Connell to make the data available to AAD staff at the request of Jane Wasley.

Metadata

Metadata identifier
string/AAS_4142_Nemertean_Toxicity_Dispersants

Language
English
Character encoding
UTF8

Sponsor

Australian Antarctic Division

Owner

AADC

Type of resource

Resource scope
Dataset

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
7260f238-7753-466d-8dc8-7b8f62d535ca

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Date (Last Revision)
2019-02-19T02:48:22

Identifier

Description
metadata.extraction_date

Alternative metadata reference

Title
gov.nasa.gsfc.gcmd
Citation identifier
8.6

Metadata linkage
http://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/AAS_4142_Nemertean_Toxicity_Dispersants

Point of truth for the metadata record

Date info (Creation)
2018-09-01T00:00:00
Date info (Last Update)
2019-02-19

Metadata standard

Title
ISO 19115-3
Edition
2014
Other citation details
Version 1
Title
DIF to ISO 19115-1 Profile
 
 

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