Date (Creation)

2016-12-05

Purpose

To examine the dynamics of ecosystem phase shifts between productive kelp beds and impoverished sea urchin barrens.

Status

Completed

Temporal resolution

P0Y4M0DT0H0M0S

Topic category

• Biota

Maintenance and update frequency

Not planned

Keywords (Theme)

• TEMPERATE ROCKY REEFS
• PORT PHILLIP BAY, AUSTRALIA
• REGIME-SHIFT
• KELP BED COLLAPSE
• KELP BED RECOVERY
• ARTIFICIAL REEFS

NASA/GCMD Keywords, Version 8.5

• EARTH SCIENCE | BIOSPHERE | ECOSYSTEMS | MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
• EARTH SCIENCE | OCEANS | COASTAL PROCESSES | ROCKY COASTS
• EARTH SCIENCE | BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION | ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES | ECHINODERMS | SEA URCHINS
• EARTH SCIENCE | OCEANS | OCEAN CHEMISTRY | NUTRIENTS
• EARTH SCIENCE | BIOSPHERE | ECOSYSTEMS | MARINE ECOSYSTEMS | COASTAL | KELP FOREST
• EARTH SCIENCE | BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION | PLANTS | MACROALGAE (SEAWEEDS)
• EARTH SCIENCE | BIOSPHERE | ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS | SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS | GRAZING DYNAMICS/PLANT HERBIVORY

Keywords (Taxon)

• HELIOCIDARIS ERYTHROGRAMMA
• ECKLONIA RADIATA

Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC): Fields of Research

• Community Ecology
• Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)
• Ecosystem Function

Keywords (Discipline)

• Temperate Reef

AODN Platform Vocabulary

• diver
• research vessel

Keywords (Theme)

• sea urchin density per plot
• time past after start of experiment
• cover of all erect algae
• cover of turf-forming algae
• cover of all erect algae except Ecklonia radiata
• cover of all canopy-forming algae
• cover of all understorey-forming algae except encrusting algae
• cover of all canopy-forming algae except Ecklonia radiata
• cover of Ecklonia radiata
• count of juvenile Ecklonia radiata (stage 1: no lateral fronts developed yet) within the whole plot
• count of juvenile Ecklonia radiata (stage 2: small lateral fronds already developed) within the whole plot
• count of adult Ecklonia radiata (stage 3: fully developed individual) within the whole plot
• count of juvenile Ecklonia radiata within the whole plot
• count of all Ecklonia radiata within the plot regardless of stage
• count of adult Undaria pinnatifida
• count of juvenile Undaria pinnatifida within the whole plot
• count of all Undaria pinnatifida within the whole plot
• count of adult Sargassum vestitum within the whole plot
• count of juvenile Sargassum vestitum within the plot
• count of all Sargassum vestitum per plot
• count of all canopy-forming algae within the plot
• count of all canopy-forming algae within the plot except Ecklonia radiata stage 3 individuals
• count of all canopy-forming algae within the plot except Undaria pinnatifida
• cover of all macroalgae
• species richness
• shannon-index
• ammonia
• filterable reactive phosphorus
• nitrogen oxides
• ammonia and nitrogen oxides
• nitrogen and phosphorus

AODN Discovery Parameter Vocabulary

• Abundance of biota
• Biotic taxonomic identification

Language

English

Character encoding

UTF8

Content type

Physical measurement

Name

sea urchin density per plot

Name

urchin_no

Name

density per plot

Name

time past after start of experiment

Name

month_elapsed

Name

months

Name

cover of all erect algae

Name

algae_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

cover of turf-forming algae

Name

turf_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

cover of all erect algae except Ecklonia radiata

Name

algae_minus_ecklonia_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

cover of all canopy-forming algae

Name

canopy_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

cover of all understorey-forming algae except encrusting algae

Name

understorey_minus_encrusting_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

cover of all canopy-forming algae except Ecklonia radiata

Name

canopy_minus_ecklonia_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

cover of Ecklonia radiata

Name

eck_rad_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

count of juvenile Ecklonia radiata (stage 1: no lateral fronts developed yet) within the whole plot

Name

tot_eck_stage_1_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of juvenile Ecklonia radiata (stage 2: small lateral fronds already developed) within the whole plot

Name

tot_eck_stage_2_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of adult Ecklonia radiata (stage 3: fully developed individual) within the whole plot

Name

tot_eck_stage_3_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of juvenile Ecklonia radiata within the whole plot

Name

tot_eck_1_2_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of all Ecklonia radiata within the plot regardless of stage

Name

tot_eck_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of adult Undaria pinnatifida

Name

tot_und_pin_ad_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of juvenile Undaria pinnatifida within the whole plot

Name

tot_und_pin_juv_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of all Undaria pinnatifida within the whole plot

Name

tot_und_pin_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of adult Sargassum vestitum within the whole plot

Name

tot_sar_ves_ad_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of juvenile Sargassum vestitum within the plot

Name

tot_sar_ves_ju_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of all Sargassum vestitum per plot

Name

tot_sarg_ves_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of all canopy-forming algae within the plot

Name

tot_canopy_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of all canopy-forming algae within the plot except Ecklonia radiata stage 3 individuals

Name

tot_canopy_no_st3

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

count of all canopy-forming algae within the plot except Undaria pinnatifida

Name

tot_canopy_minus_und_count

Name

stipe count per plot

Name

cover of all macroalgae

Name

tot_algal_cover

Name

percentage cover

Name

species richness

Name

sp

Name

species per plot

Name

shannon-index

Name

H

Name

species per plot

Name

ammonia

Name

NH3

Name

micromole per liter

Name

filterable reactive phosphorus

Name

FRP

Identifier

http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UPOX

Name

Micromoles per litre

Name

nitrogen oxides

Name

Nox

Identifier

http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UPOX

Name

Micromoles per litre

Name

ammonia and nitrogen oxides

Name

tot_N

Identifier

http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UPOX

Name

Micromoles per litre

Name

nitrogen and phosphorus

Name

tot

Identifier

http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P06/current/UPOX

Name

Micromoles per litre

Distribution format

• .xlsx

OnLine resource

DATA - community responses to sea urchin herbivory and nutrient enrichment (.xlsx) [direct download]

OnLine resource

imas:ARC_NKriegisch_Phaseshift_urchin_grazing_nutrified_reefs_MAP

MAP - General study area

OnLine resource

View and download this data through the interactive IMAS Data Portal.

Statement

Small boulders and cobbles (0.20 - 0.50 m diam.) were sourced from the adjacent rocky reef and constructed into 28 patch reefs (each ~ 0.85 m2 planar area) on the sand patch. Reefs were separated by at least 5 m from each other and from the surrounding natural reef. The 28 boulder reefs were assigned randomly to a total of 4 treatments representing combinations of ‘reef ecosystem state’ (kelp beds vs urchin barrens) and ‘nutrient’ conditions (ambient vs enhanced), and within each treatment the 7 replicate reefs supported urchins at densities of 0, 4, 8, 12, 15, 20 and 24 urchins m-2. Three adult E. radiata individuals were transplanted to each appropriate patch reef to simulate the ‘kelp bed state’, providing a canopy cover of ~ 50% within the internal 0.25 m2 of each patch reef. 200 g of slow release fertiliser (Osmocote® Pro 3-4 M, 17N:4.8P:8.3K) was used to enhance nutrients on individual patch reefs. After randomly assigning the 4 different ‘reef state’ and ‘nutrient condition’ treatments to the experimental patch reefs, each of the 7 replicate patch-reefs within each treatment received (at random) one of 7 different urchin densities (0, 4, 8, 12, 15, 20 and 24 urchins m-2). Reefs were then checked every 3 weeks for the 12 months of the experiment to ensure urchin densities were maintained at their designated level. The amount of erect macroalgae on each reef was assessed every 3 months. Assessments were undertaken on SCUBA with in situ estimates of percentage cover of canopy-formers and understorey. Percentage cover assessments were performed using the point-intercept method (a 50 by 50 cm quadrat with 49 regularly spaced points defined by intersecting string lines, and an additional random point within the quadrat assigned in advance). Stipe counts were used to enumerate the abundance of canopy-forming brown algae (E. radiata, S. vestitum, and the introduced ephemeral Japanese kelp U. pinnatifida), and on the final assessment the total number of macroalgal species on each patch reef was counted.

Hierarchy level

Dataset

Resource scope

Dataset

Title

ISO 19115-3:2018